1 Chronicles 16:21

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

He allowed no man to do them wrong; Yes, he reproved kings for their sakes,

World English Bible · Public Domain

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לְעָשְׁקָ֔ם

ʻâshaq

H6231

“to oppress · them”

Preposition + Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural

Appears 36× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Leviticus 6:2

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root (comp. H6229 )

TWOT: 1713

to press upon, oppress, violate, defraud, do violence, get deceitfully, wrong, extort - (Qal) - to oppress, wrong, extort - to oppress - (Pual) to be exploited, be crushed

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7: words
7: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

לְעָשְׁקָ֔ם to oppress H6231 occurs in 35 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
2 nouns
1 preposition
1 particle

Verb forms

הִנִּ֤יחַ Hiphil · Perfect
לְעָשְׁקָ֔ם Qal · Infinitive Construct
וַיּ֥וֹכַח Hiphil · Sequential Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 15 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 7 Hebrew tokens and 11 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 16:21 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Genesis 20:3 But God came to Abimelech in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Behold, you are a dead man, because of the woman whom you have taken. For she is a man's wife."
Genesis 12:17 Yahweh plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife.
Genesis 31:29 It is in the power of my hand to hurt you, but the God of your father spoke to me last night, saying, 'Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad.'
Exodus 7:15–18 Go to Pharaoh in the morning. Behold, he goes out to the water; and you shall stand by the river's bank to meet him; and the rod which was turned to a serpent you shall take in your hand.
Genesis 31:24 God came to Laban, the Syrian, in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad."
Genesis 31:42 Unless the God of my father, the God of Abraham, and the fear of Isaac, had been with me, surely now you would have sent me away empty. God has seen my affliction and the labor of my hands, and rebuked you last night."
Exodus 9:13–18 Yahweh said to Moses, "Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and tell him, 'This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says: "Let my people go, that they may serve me.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Chronicles 16:21 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

לֹא הִנִּ֤יחַ לְאִישׁ֙ לְעָשְׁקָ֔ם וַיּ֥וֹכַח עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מְלָכִֽים

He allowed no man to do them wrong; Yes, he reproved kings for their sakes,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Chronicles 16:21 Septuagint · lemma form

οὐ ἀποἵημι ἀνήρ ὁ δυναστεύω αὐτός καί ἐλέγχω περί αὐτός βασιλεύς

He suffered not a man to oppress them, and he reproved kings for their sakes,

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 1 Chronicles 16:21 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

As Pharaoh and Abimelech.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(21) This verse was originally the apodosis to 1Ch_16:19. as in Psalms 105 : “When they were but few . . . and went from nation to nation . . . he suffered no man,” &c.

He suffered no man.—Heb., he permitted to no man, as in 2Sa_16:11. Psalms 105 has the mere accusative, and a different word for “man” (’âdâm).

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

21. he reproved kings] Gen_20:3-7.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

He let no man oppress them Although they walked from place to place and it is customary to harm wayfarers, and when they arrive to their inn, they are falsely accused, but these the Holy One, blessed be He, did not let [anyone] hurt them or oppress them. An example is (Lev. 5:21): “or oppressed (עָשַּׁק) his neighbor.” Now if you ask if the reason that the highwaymen and [the people of] the other lands in whose midst they passed did not harm them was that they did not notice them, but if they had noticed them, they would have oppressed them, therefore, it says: “... and He reproved kings on their account,” i.e., they did oppress them, as Pharaoh [did] to Abraham and Abimelech to Isaac, and Laban and Shechem to Jacob, and the Holy One, blessed be He, said to them...

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 7 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻâshaq (“to oppress”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʻâshaq carries the sense “to oppress.” How does it shape the verse?
How does Leviticus 6:2, which shares the word «to oppress», read alongside this verse?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
«הִנִּ֤יחַ» is a Hiphil Perfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Geneva Bible (1599) and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 7 Hebrew ↔ 11 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 13 words in this verse.
7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 7 words in this verse.