שֵׁכָר

שָׂכַר

• to hire, engage; to rent. B. Mets. VI, 1 השׂוֹכֵר את וכ׳ if one engages artisans (through an agent). Ib. VIII, 2 שאלה … ושְׂכָרָהּ וכ׳ if he borrowed the cow for half a day, and hired her for half a day. Tosef. ib. IX, 1, sq. השׂוֹכֵר שדה if one rents a field; a. v. fr.—שׂוֹכֵר hirer, employer; tenant. B. Mets. 103ᵃ ש׳ מהימן בשבועה the employer is believed on his oath (that he has paid the wages). Ib. 102ᵇ כוליה לש׳ the whole (rent for the thirteenth month of the leap year) goes to the tenant, i.e. he need not pay extra rent for the intercalated month; a. v. fr.—Esp. שוכר tenant of land for rent payable in money, contrad. to חכיר. Tosef. Dem. VI, 2 ש׳ במעות וכ׳ the sokher pays the rent in cash, the ḥakkir (or ḥokher) in kind; a. fr.—Part. pass. שָׂכוּר; f. שְׂכוּרָה. B. Mets. VIII, 2 if the hirer says, ש׳ מתה it is the hired cow that died; ביום שהיתה ש׳ מתה she died on the day when I used her for hire; בשעה … ש׳ וכ׳ she died at that time of the day when I used her for hire; a. fr.
  • 1. to lease, let. B. Bath. 110ᵃ לעולם יַשְׂכִּיר אדם את עצמו וכ׳ a man should hire himself out for &c., v. עֲבוֹרָה. B. Mets. VIII, 7 המַשְׂכִּיר … המשכיר וכ׳ if one lets a house …, the landlord has to furnish &c. Ib. 8 ה׳ לו להדשים … למשכיר if he let the house by the month, … the landlord has the benefit of the intercalated month, v. עָבַר. Pes. 4ᵃ על המ׳ לבדוק the landlord is obliged to search the house for leavened matter; a. fr.
  • 2. (denom. of שָׂכָר) to cause to profit, to benefit. Tanḥ. ed. Bub., Vayesheb 13 צריך … משכיר אותו (not משביר) a man must pray for the welfare of him that benefits him.
  • (denom. of שָׂכָר) to be rewarded, benefited; to have the advantage. Yeb. 92ᵇ אם כן מצינו חוטא נִשְׂכָּר if this be the law, then he that sinned would be at an advantage; Keth. 11ᵃ, a. e. שלא יהא חוטא נ׳ it is done in order that the sinner should not be at an advantage. Pes. 50ᵇ; Tosef. Yeb. IV, 8, v. זָרִיז; a. fr.
  • to profit; to deal in. Tanḥ. l. c. לפי … מִשְׂתַּכֵּר מצאנו וכ׳ because Jacob was benefited by his flock &c. Pesik. R. s. 40 ונִשְׂתַּכַּרְתִּי, v. נָצַח. Pes. l. c. המשתכר בקנים וכ׳ he that deals in reeds and vessels. Ib. 54ᵇ ואין אדם יודע במה משתכר and no man knows which of his enterprises will turn out profitable; Mekh. B’shall., Vayass‘a, s. 5. B. Bath. 91ᵃ אין מִשְׂתַּכְּרִין בא"י וכ׳ in Palestine you must not be a dealer in provisions, as wine &c. (serve as middleman between producer and consumer); Tosef. Ab. Zar. IV (V), 1; a. fr.

שָׂכַר ²

• to fill up, dam, v. סָכר, סְכַר.—Snh. 95ᵃ, v. בִּזָּאי, a. שְׂכוֹר.

שָׂכָר

• wages, profit, reward. Shebu. VIII, 1, a. e. נושא ש׳ he that receives wages (for watching), v. שׁוֹמֵר. Succ. 29ᵇ שְׂכַר שכיר, v. עָשַׁק. B. Mets. 112ᵃ כל הכובש שְׂ׳ וכ׳ he that delays the payment of the hired man’s wages, is considered as if taking his life. Ab. V, 11 יצא שְׂכָרוֹ וכ׳, v. הֶפְסֵד. B. Kam. 116ᵃ, a. e. אין לו אלא שְׂכָרוֹ he can claim only the ordinary laborer’s pay, v. שָׁלֵם II; a. fr.—Esp. divine reward. Erub. 22ᵃ (ref. to Deut. VII, 11) היום לעשותם … למחר לקכל שְׂכָרָם ‘to do them to-day’, and not to do them to-morrow (do not procrastinate); ‘to do them to-day’, and to receive the reward for them tomorrow (expect not immediate reward). Ib. 65ᵃ לא נכרא יין … לשלם ש׳ לרשעים wine has been created for the purpose of comforting (cheering up) mourners and paying reward to the wicked (for what good they may do, in this world); Num. R. s. 104. Ab. II, 16 נאמן … שְׂכַר פעולתך thy employer may be trusted that he will pay thee the wages due for thy work. Ib. ודע שמתן שְׂכָרָם וכ׳ but keep in mind that the reward of the righteous is reserved for the hereafter; a. fr.—בִּשְׂכַר as a reward for, on account of (cmp. זְבוּת). Sot. 11ᵇ בש׳ נשים צדקניות וכ׳ for the sake of the righteous women of that generation were the Israelites redeemed; Ex. R. s. 1. Ḥull. 88ᵇ בש׳ שאמר וכ׳ as a reward for what Abraham our father said (Gen. XVIII, 27) &c. Ex. R. s. 45 בש׳ שלש זכה לשלש on account of three things he (Moses) was granted three things; בש׳ ויסתר וכ׳ on account of ‘he hid his face’ (Ex. III, 6) &c.; a. fr.—[Yalk. Is. 371 שכרן, read: שִׂבְרָן, v. סֵבֶר.] e.g. Deuteronomy 7:11

שָׁכַר

• (b. h.) to fill, saturate; to drink freely.—Part. pass. שָׁכוּר; f. שְׁכוּרָה. Taan. 22ᵇ לא ש׳ ולא צמאה וכ׳ that the soil be neither soaked nor thirsty, but between the two extremes. Midr. Till. to Ps. XXXV (ref. to Is. LI, 21) וממה את ש׳ מן הצרות וכ׳ and wherefrom art thou drunk? From the troubles, but not from too much wine; a. e. e.g. Isaiah 51:21
  • to make drunk, intoxicate. Erub. 64ᵇ דרך … מְשַׁכַּרְתּוֹ walking (after drinking) makes him unsteady, and sleep makes him drunk; Taan. 17ᵇ. Erub. l. c. רביעית … מְשַׁכֵּר one fourth of a Log of Italian wine intoxicates. Cant. R. to I, 4 ועשו … ושִׁכְּרַתּוֹ וכ׳ they made a great feast, and she made him drink more than enough; Yalk. Gen. 15; a. e.
  • to be, become intoxicated. Keth. 8ᵇ התחילו … ומִשְׁתַּכְּרִין וכ׳ when they began to drink (at the mourners’ meals) and get intoxicated &c. Snh. 42ᵃ אל יִשְׁתַּכְּרוּ, v. רָז. Esth. R. to III, 9 אכלו ושתו ונִשְׁתַּכְּרוּ וכ׳ they ate and drank, and became drunk, and acted disgracefully. Num. R. s. 108 דברים שלא יִשְׁתַּכֵּר מהם things from which one cannot become intoxicated; a. fr.

שְׁכַר

• to make drunk. Lev. R. s. 12 אשקוניה ושַׁכְּרוּנֵיה וכ׳ they gave him drink, and made him drunk, and carried him out &c.
• to drink freely. Ber. 9ᵃ אִשְׁתַּכּוּר בהלולא וכ׳ they drank freely at the wedding of &c. (and slept beyond the time of prayer).

שֵׁכָר

• preced.) intoxicating drink. Num. R. s. 108 (ref. to Num. VI, 3) והלא יין הוא ש׳ וש׳ וכ׳ are not yayin and shekhar the same?; יין זה חי וש׳ זה מזוג yayin is unmixed wine, and shekhar is mixed wine; a. e.—Esp. beer of dates or barley. Pes. III, 1 ש׳ המדי Median beer, expl. ib. 42ᵇ דרמו ביה מי שערי date beer into which they put a concoction of barley. Ib. 107ᵃ אין מקדשין על הש׳ you must not pronounce the Ḳiddush (קִידּוּשׁ) over beer; a. fr. e.g. Numbers 6:3