Genesis 41:10

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, me and the chief baker.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר

mishmâr

H4929

“in/at · guard of”

Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct

Appears 22× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 40:3

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H8104

TWOT: 2414f

place of confinement, prison, guard, jail, guard post, watch, observance - jail, prison, guard-house - guard, guard post, act of guarding - observances

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

14: words
11: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר guard H4929 — appearing just 22 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר guard H4929 occurs in 20 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
7 nouns
1 preposition
3 particles

Verb forms

קָצַ֣ף Qal · Perfect
וַיִּתֵּ֨ן Qal · Sequential Imperfect
הָאֹפִֽים Qal · Participle Active

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

שַׂ֣ר prince H8269 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 25 words from the Hebrew and 26 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 14 Hebrew tokens and 20 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Genesis 41:10 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Genesis 39:20 Joseph's master took him, and put him into the prison, the place where the king's prisoners were bound, and he was there in custody.
Genesis 40:2–3 Pharaoh was angry with his two officers, the chief cupbearer and the chief baker.
Genesis 37:36 The Midianites sold him into Egypt to Potiphar, an officer of Pharaoh's, the captain of the guard.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 41:10 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

פַּרְעֹ֖ה קָצַ֣ף עַל עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיִּתֵּ֨ן אֹתִ֜י בְּמִשְׁמַ֗ר בֵּ֚ית שַׂ֣ר הַטַּבָּחִ֔ים אֹתִ֕י וְאֵ֖ת שַׂ֥ר הָאֹפִֽים

Pharaoh was angry with his servants, and put me in custody in the house of the captain of the guard, me and the chief baker.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 41:10 Septuagint · lemma form

φαραώ ὀργίζω ὁ παῖς αὐτός καί τίθημι ἐγώ ἐν φυλακή ἐν ὁ οἶκος ὁ ἀρχιμάγειρος ἐγώ τε καί ὁ ἀρχισιτοποιός

Pharao was angry with his servants, and put us in prison in the house of the captain of the guard, both me and the chief baker.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

פַּרְעֹה רְגֵז עַל עַבְדוֹהִי וִיהַב יָתִי בְּמַטְּרָא בֵּית רַב קָטוֹלַיָּא יָתִי וְיָת רַב נַחְתּוֹמֵי

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

מִן קֳדָם יְיָ אִסְתַּקֵף דְפַרְעה רְגֵיז עַל עַבְדוֹי וִיהַב יָתִי בְּמַטְרָא בֵּי רַב סַפּוֹקְלַטוֹרְיָא יָתִי וְיַת רַב נַחְתּוֹמָא

It was occasioned from the Lord that Pharoh was angry with his servants, and he put me in ward in the house of the chief executioner, me and the chief baker.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 41:10 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Gen 41:10 Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, and put me in ward in the captain of the guard’s house, [both] me and the chief baker:

Ver. 10. Pharaoh was wroth with his servants, &c.] It is wisdom in a man to confess his faults before the prince whom he hath offended; and to commend his clemency in pardoning them: as Cicero did Caesar’s; {a} as Mephibosheth did David’s, &c. The Lord Cobham, the Lord Gray, Sir Griffin Markham, being condemned for treason, about the beginning of King James, anno 1603, and brought forth to execution, as they were upon the scaffold, the sheriff notified the king’s pardon, his Majesty’s warrant for the stay of the execution: at which unexpected clemency, besides the great shouts of the people, the condemned wished that they might sacrifice their lives to redeem their fault, and to repurchase so merciful a prince’s love. {b}

{a} Orat. pro M. Marcello, et O. Ligario, &c.

{b} Bp. Carleton’s Thankful Remembrance of God’s Mercies, p. 181.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Pharaoh was wroth with his servants,.... Not with all of them, but with the butler and the baker. Aben Ezra observes here, that Pharaoh was not the proper name of this king, but a title of office, and signifies the king; for it cannot be thought that the butler would use such freedom in his presence as to call him by his name: the true name of this prince, according to the eastern writers (f), was Rian ben Walid; others take him to be Aphophis, the third of the Hycsi, or pastor kings: but, according to Bishop Usher (g), his name was Mephramuthosis:

and put me in ward in the captain of the guard's house: in consequence of his wrath and displeasure, for crimes really or supposed to be committed by him; and the captain of the guard's house was a prison, or at least there was a prison in it for such sort of offenders; and this was Potiphar's, Joseph's master's, house:

both me and the chief baker; which explains who the officers were Pharaoh was wroth with, and who were for their offences committed to prison.

(f) Juchasin, fol. 135. 2. (g) Annales Ver. Test. p. 14.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Radak

Rabbi David Kimhi (Radak)

אותי ואת שר האופים, even though he already mentioned אותי, I, etc., he repeated this again in the next verse when he spoke about אני והוא, “I and He.” The reason was because of the words he had spoken in the interval. We find a parallel example in Judges 9.19 ואם באמת ובתמים, where these words have been repeated even though the same speaker had used the identical words already in verse 16 in the same speech, on account of what he had been saying in the interval between then and now. Yet another parallel example to the syntax in our verse is found in Nechemyah 4,17 ואין אני ואחי ונערי, “neither I, my brothers, or servants, etc.,” and is repeated verbatim by the same speaker in chapter 5 verse 10 on account of all that he had said in the interval, though it was all part of the same assembly.

Radak on the Tanakh — English translations: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash” (CC BY 4.0); “Rabbi Mike Feuer, Jerusalem Anthology” (CC BY 4.0); and “R. David Kimhi on the first book of Psalms, Translated by R.G. Finch, London, 1919” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 14 words (11 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is mishmâr (“guard”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

How does “guard” (mishmâr) shape what this verse is saying?
Genesis 40:3 shares the word «guard» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“prince” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
The verb «קָצַ֣ף» is Qal Perfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and John Gill's Exposition read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 14 Hebrew ↔ 20 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 15 words in this verse.
“prince” occurs 2× in this single verse.
11 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 14 words in this verse.