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חָבַל

to bind

‘to bind’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓

H2254 Strong's Hebrew
châbal Transliteration
/khaw-bal'/ Pronunciation
Usage in the Hebrew Bible 27 appearances

Compare with another word →

About this entry

At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.

חבל (châbal) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to bind.” As a verb its force shifts by stem, across 4 stems (Qal, Niphal, and more). Spanning 23 verses in 12 books, it ranks among the uncommon words of the Hebrew Bible. It first appears in Exodus 22:26. Related forms include חבל, חבל and חבל. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.

Gloss history

Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship

Strong's · 1890
[idiom] at all
Modern gloss
to bind
Strong's 1890 sometimes compressed multiple senses — or homonymous roots — under one number, and used 19th-century English phrasing that no longer carries the same connotation. The modern gloss reflects current BDB scholarship; open the Lexicon Entry tab for the full sense breakdown. Download share card

About this word

Strong's H2254 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.

These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →

23
distinct verses
The word appears in 23 distinct verses.
12 / 39
OT books
The word appears in 12 of 39 Old Testament books.
Exodus 22:26
first appearance
The earliest occurrence is in Exodus 22:26.
Micah 2:10
last appearance
The latest occurrence is in Micah 2:10.
#1,226
by frequency
Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 1,226 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).

View all 23 occurrences in the concordance →


Most concentrated in

By section of the Old Testament

  • Pentateuch 3 · 13%
  • Historical 1 · 4%
  • Wisdom 12 · 52%
  • Prophets 7 · 30%

By traditional corpus

Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 23 distinct verses.

  • Writings (Ketuvim) 13 verses · 57%
  • Prophets (Nevi'im) 7 verses · 30%
  • Torah (Pentateuch) 3 verses · 13%

How translations render this word

Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).

BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.

  • King James Version: Pledge 5×, Destroy 4×, Take a pledge 3×
  • American Standard Version: Destroy 4×, Pledge 4×, Bands 2×
  • Berean Standard Bible: Destroy 3×, Get collateral 2×, Security 2×
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text: Destroy 4×, Pledge 4×, Hold it in pledge 2×

King James Version Public Domain

Renders H2254 across 34 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Pledge” 5×
  • “Destroy” 4×
  • “Take a pledge” 3×
  • “Bands” 2×
  • “Shall be destroyed” 2×
  • “Take” 2×

Plus 16 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

American Standard Version Public Domain

Renders H2254 across 35 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Destroy” 4×
  • “Pledge” 4×
  • “Bands” 2×
  • “Hold him in pledge” 2×
  • “Take” 2×

Plus 21 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.

Berean Standard Bible Public Domain

Renders H2254 across 25 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Destroy” 3×
  • “Get collateral” 2×
  • “Security” 2×

Plus 18 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 2 further occurrences.

unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0

Renders H2254 across 36 tagged occurrences — most commonly:

  • “Destroy” 4×
  • “Pledge” 4×
  • “Hold it in pledge” 2×
  • “Take” 2×
  • “You” 2×

Plus 22 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.


9 senses and sub-senses in the full BDB

Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Pual (the passive of Piel).

What do BDB’s symbols mean?

BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:

Symbol Meaning
𝔊 the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX)
𝔙 the Vulgate (the Latin translation)
𝔖 the Syriac version (the Peshitta)
𝔗 the Targum (the Aramaic translation)
ψ the Psalms
√ root (the underlying root or stem)
‖ parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel)
† the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited

The 9 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.

חבל I bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind

Qal

  • Pf. חָבָ֑ל Ez 18:16 Impf. יַחֲבֹל Dt 24:6; 2 ms. תַּחֲבֹל Dt 24:17; תַּחְבֹּל Ex 22:25 Jb 22:6; יַחְבְּלוּ Jb 24:3; יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Jb 24:9; Imv. sf. חַבְלֵהוּ Pr 20:16; 27:13; Inf. abs. חָבֹל Ex 22:25; Pt. act. חֹבֵל Dt 24:6, cf. חֹבְלִים Zc 11:7, 14 (name of מַקֵּל); pass. חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8;— e.g. Ezekiel 18:16
  • 1. bind, only in חֹבְלִים, name of one of Zec.’s symbolic staves, Zc 11:7, 14 symbol. of fraternity. Especially e.g. Zechariah 11:7
  • 2. bind by taking a pledge of, hold by a pledge, sq. acc. pers. Pr 20:16; 27:13 Jb 22:6; take or hold in pledge, sq. acc. rei Ex 22:25 (JE), Dt 24:6(×2), 17 Jb 24:3; sq. acc. cogn. חֲבֹל Ez 18:16; עַל־עָנִי יַחְבֹּ֑לוּ Jb 24:9 prob. pregn. (v. Di) take pledges (getting power) over the poor; בְּגָדִים חֲבֻלִים Am 2:8 garments taken in pledge. e.g. Proverbs 20:16

Niphal

  • Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 becometh pledged to it (i.e. pledged to pay the penalty, opp. יְשֻׁלָּ֑ם), so Ew Hi De Now Str RVm VB. > sub II. חָבַל q.v. e.g. Proverbs 13:13

Piel

  • Pf. 3 fs. חִבְּלָה Ct 8:5; חִבְּלַתְךָ Ct 8:5; Impf. יְחַבֶּל־ ψ 7:15;—writhe, twist, hence travail; of mother Ct 8:5(×2) (c. acc. of child; ‖ יְלָדָ֑תְךָ); metaph. of wicked man יְחַבֶּל־אָ֑וֶן וְהָרָה עָמָל וְיָלַד שָֽׁקֶר׃ ψ 7:15. e.g. Song of Solomon 8:5

חבל II act (ruinously) corruptly (NH id. wound, injure

Qal

  • Pf. 1 pl. חָבַלְנוּ Ne 1:7; Impf. 1 s. אֶחְבֹּל Jb 34:31; Inf. cstr. (used as abs.) Ne 1:7;—act corruptly against, חֲבֹל חבלנו לְ Ne 1:7; abs. Jb 34:31. e.g. Nehemiah 1:7

Niphal

  • Impf. יֵחָ֫בֶל לוֹ Pr 13:13 shall be ruined (לֵ reflex.), Thes RobGes AV RV, but חָבַל (v. p. 286). e.g. Proverbs 13:13

Piel

  • ruin, destroy: Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְחִבֵּל את מעשׂה ידיך Ec 5:5, subj. God. Impf. 3 fs. תְּחַבֵּל וְחֶבֶל נִמְרָץ Mi 2:10 that destroyeth, even with sore destruction; but read rather תְּחֻבְּלוּ ח׳ נ׳ ye shall be destroyed with etc., so 𝔊 Roorda Che. Inf. cstr. לְחַבֵּל c. acc., the poor Is 32:7, the land 13:5; abs. 54:16; cf. Pt. pl. מְחַבְּלִים Ct 2:15 c. acc. of foxes ruining vineyards. e.g. Ecclesiastes 5:5

Pual

  • Pf. 3 ms. וְחֻבַּל consec. Is 10:27 of yoke, be ruined, broken, si vera l.; RSJPh. xiii. 1885, p. 62 proposes יחדל, cf. also Checrit. n.; and rem. by Di Du; 3 fs. חֻבָּ֑לָה Jb 17:1 my spirit is broken (‖ יָמַי נִזְעָ֑כוּ); Impf. 2 mpl. תְּחֻבְּלוּ Mi 2:10 (emend.: v. supr.) e.g. Isaiah 10:27

Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.


Word origin

I. vb. bind, pledge (Arabic حَبَلَ bind; cf. Aramaic ܚܒܰܠ, ܚܰܒܶܠ travail; חֲבַל pledge (but rare and dub.); especially ܚܰܒܠܴܐ cord, field, חַבְלָא cord, ܚܶܒܠܴܐ, חֶבְלָא pain, especially of travail; Sab. חבל border-territory, or field, Sab, Denkm 48.49; Ethiopic ጠበለ ZimBP 93 n., comp. Assyrian naḫbalu, rope, snare)—

II. vb. act (ruinously) corruptly (NH id. wound, injure; Arabic خَبَلَ corrupt or render unsound (the mind, a limb, etc.), خَبِلَ be deranged (in mind); Assyrian ḫabâlu, injure, VR62, 11; Aramaic ܚܰܒܶܠ, חַבֵּל corrupt, ruin; Ethiopic ተሐበለ be arrogant, audacious; Sab. חֿבל DHMEpigr. Denkm. 48; cf. Palm. חבל mortuus VogNo. 161 and often)—

— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.

Origin: a primitive root

Part of speech: Verb TWOT: 592 , 593 , 594 , 595


Jastrow Dictionary

A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.

חָבַל

  • 1. to seize, to take a pledge. Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa, s. 1, a. e., v. חֲבוֹלָה.—B. Mets. IX, 13 (115ᵃ) החוֹבֵל את הריחים he who seizes millstones (for his debt); a. fr.
  • 2. to twist (v. חֶבֶל); to do violence, unshape; to inflict a wound, to hurt (followed by ב of the object). B. Kam. VIII, 1 החוֹבֵל בחבירו he who injures his neighbor. Sabb. XIV, 1. Ib. 106ᵃ חובל בצריך לכלבו one who wounds (an animal on the Sabbath is guilty) when he needs the blood for his dog. Ib. חובל בעלמא one who wounds generally (not for a purpose); a. fr.
  • 3. to writhe, travail, v. Pi.
    • 1. to be seized. Yalk. Ex. 351 שניתן לֵיחָבֵל ביום (B. Mets. 114ᵇ לַחֲבוֹל) which may be seized as a pledge in day time.
    • 2. to be injured. Tosef. B. Kam. IX, 29 אע"פ שלא … מן הנֶחְבָּל וכ׳ although the injurer does not ask the injured (to pray for him), the injured must pray &c.; a. fr.
    • 1. to injure, wound; to unshape, ruin, spoil. Ber. 51ᵃ יש לי … לחַבֵּל I have permission to injure (kill). B. Kam. 91ᵇ לחַבֵּל בעצמו to mutilate one’s self.—Kel. XIV, 2 משיְחַבֵּל from the moment he batters (the tube, for fitting it into the top of the staff); Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. IV, 5 משיִחְבּוֹל, v. חָבַר. Num. R. s. 10 (play on חִבֵּל, Prov. XXIII, 34) שחִבְּלָתוֹ יעל וכ׳ whom Jael mutilated on his head. Yalk. Ex. 301 חִבַּלְתֶּם מעשיכם you have ruined (turned to evil) your deeds. Snh. 24ᵃ מְחַבְּלִין זה לזה וכ׳ (Ms. K. זה את זה) wound each other’s feelings in discussions; a. fr. e.g. Proverbs 23:34
    • 2. to travail. Taan. 8ᵃ bot. מְחַבֶּלֶת ואינה יולדת (Rashi: חוֹבֶלֶת) travails but cannot give birth.—Pass. pass. מְחוּבָּל ruined. Ex. R. s. 30.
    • to be spoiled, ruined. Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa, s. 1 נותן דבר המְחַבֵּל לתוך דבר המִתְחַבֵּל he puts a thing which spoils (the taste) into a thing which is spoiled.

חֲבַל I

  • , fut. יַחְבּוֹל same, to wrong, be violent. Targ. Job XXXIV, 31.
    • 1. to injure; to ruin, destroy &c. (corresp. to b. h. הִשְׁחִית). Targ. O. Lev. XIX, 27. Targ. Gen. VI, 12; a. fr.—Part. pass. מְחַבַּל mutilated, blemished. Targ. O. Deut. XXIII, 2. Targ. Mal. I, 14.—B. Kam. 87ᵃ אי בעי מְחַבֵּל בה לא מצי חַבֵּיל Ms. M. (ed. מתח׳, incorr.) if he desired to wound her (his daughter), he dared not.
    • 2. to travail. Denom. מְחַבַּלְתָּא.
    • to be corrupted, destroyed. Targ. Gen. VI, 11, sq. Targ. Job XVII, 1; a. e. [Targ. Ps. LXII, 11, v. הֲבַל.]—Ithpe. אִיחֲבַל to get sick. B. Mets. 97ᵃ ואי׳ ומית Ms. H. (ed. חֲבִיל).

חֲבַל II

  • (preced.)
  • 1. injury, v. חַבְלָא I. I.
  • 2. woe!, Oh! (cmp. בִּיָּיא II). Targ. Job X, 15 (Var. חֲבֵיל, חֲבוֹל); a. e.—[Also in Hebr. diction] Ned. 74ᵇ ח׳ עליך וכ׳ woe unto thee! (a pity) that &c. Snh. 111ᵃ; Ex. R. s. 6, a. e. ח׳ על דאבדין וכ׳ Oh, for those who are gone and cannot be replaced! Ex. R. s. 26; Mekh. B’shall., Vayassa, s. 6 (prov.) נפל ביתא ח׳ לכוותא (not אבל) when the house falls, woe to the windows!; a. fr.
  • 3. (adv.) to ruin. Pes. 20ᵇ תשפך ח׳ (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 9) it must be poured out (and go) to ruin; B. Kam. 116ᵃ (ed. הכל, corr. acc., v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 30), opp. to תעשה זילוף, v. זִילּוּף.

חֲבֵל

  • , v. חֲבֵיל

חֶבֶל

  • 1. rope, a measure of dimensions, rope’s length. Gen. R. s. 93 קשר ח׳ בח׳ tied rope to rope, v. נִימָא; Cant. R. to I, 1. Erub. V, 4 וכ׳ אין מודדין אלא בח׳ Sabbath distances must be measured with a rope of fifty cubits’ length. Ib. 58ᵃ, v. אַפְסְקִימָא. B. Bath. VII, 2 (103ᵇ) מדה בח׳ measured with the rope (exact dimensions). Peah IV, 5 על הח׳ in a straight line, v. לָקַט; a. fr.—Pl. חֲבָלִים. Erub. l. c. ג׳ ח׳ הם וכ׳ there are three kinds of ropes (used for legal purposes).—Trnsf. share, possession. Sifré Deut. 312 אין ח׳ אלא גורל ḥebel means lot; a. e.

חֵבֶל

  • 1. writhing, throes of birth, agony. Snh. 98ᵇ, a. e. חֶבְלוֹ של משיח the sufferings which are to precede the advent of the Messiah.—Pl. חֲבָלִים, constr. חֶבְלֵי. Nidd. 31ᵃ ח׳ נקבה the pains at giving birth to a female. Ib. חבלי של נקבה (read: חבלים). Ib. וזהו ח׳ אשה and this is the cause of woman’s throes.
  • 2. damage, injury. Mekh. Mishp., N’zikin, s. 8 ח׳ אשה לבעל the damages for a wife’s injury belong to her husband.

חִיבּוּל

  • 1. wound, injury. Targ. Lev. XIX, 28; XXI, 5.—M. Kat. 28ᵇ, v. חֲבִילָא I.
  • 2. moral defect, corruption. Targ. Job XI, 15. Ib. XXXI, 7; a. e.

A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.


Forms in the corpus

The 26 distinct written forms H2254 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.

Form Parsing Example Uses
חַבְלֵֽ/הוּ Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Proverbs 20:16 2
אֶחְבֹּֽל Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular Job 34:31 1
וְ/חִבֵּ֖ל Verb, Piel, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Ecclesiastes 5:6 1
וְ/חֻבַּ֥ל Verb, Pual, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Isaiah 10:27 1
חֲבֹ֖ל Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct Nehemiah 1:7 1
חֲבֻלִים֙ Verb, Qal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Amos 2:8 1
חִבְּלַ֣תְ/ךָ Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Song of Solomon 8:5 1
חִבְּלָ֥ה Verb, Piel, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Song of Solomon 8:5 1
חָבַ֣לְנוּ Verb, Qal, Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Plural Nehemiah 1:7 1
חָבָ֔ל Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Ezekiel 18:16 1
חָבֹ֥ל Verb, Qal, Infinitive Absolute Exodus 22:26 1
חֹבֵֽל Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute Deuteronomy 24:6 1
חֻ֭בָּלָה Verb, Pual, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Job 17:1 1
יְחַבֶּל Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Psalms 7:14 1
יֵחָ֣בֶל Verb, Niphal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Proverbs 13:13 1
יַ֝חְבְּל֗וּ Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural Job 24:3 1
יַחְבֹּֽלוּ Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural Job 24:9 1
יַחֲבֹ֥ל Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular Deuteronomy 24:6 1
לְ/חַבֵּ֖ל Verb, Piel, Infinitive Construct Isaiah 13:5 1
לְ/חַבֵּ֤ל Verb, Piel, Infinitive Construct Isaiah 32:7 1
לְ/חַבֵּֽל Verb, Piel, Infinitive Construct Isaiah 54:16 1
מְחַבְּלִ֣ים Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute Song of Solomon 2:15 1
תַחְבֹּ֣ל Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Job 22:6 1
תַחֲבֹ֔ל Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Deuteronomy 24:17 1
תְּחַבֵּ֖ל Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular Micah 2:10 1
תַּחְבֹּ֖ל Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular Exodus 22:26 1

Same root — word family

Other BDB entries built from the same root as H2254, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.

Derived from this word

Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 7 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.


Septuagint verse parallels

This word appears in 22 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 23 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.

Read these verses in the Septuagint

This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.

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