וַיּוֹצִ֣א נוֹזְלִ֣ים מִסָּ֑לַע וַיּ֖וֹרֶד כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת מָֽיִם
He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Psalms 78:16
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Psalms 78:16 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
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King James Version Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
He made streams flow out of the rock and made the water flow like rivers.
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
He brought streams from the stone and made water flow down like rivers.
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
He brought streams from the stone and made water flow down like rivers.
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King James Version Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, And caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
He brought floods also out of the stonie rocke; so that hee made the waters to descend like the riuers.
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
He brought forth water out of the rock: and made streams run down as rivers.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
And bringeth out streams from a rock, And causeth waters to come down as rivers.
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
And brings out streams from a rock, || And causes waters to come down as rivers.
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
He made streams flow out of the rock and made the water flow like rivers.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
He made streams flow out of the rock and made the water flow like rivers.
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Darby Bible Public Domain
And he brought streams out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
He made streams flow from the stone; water rushing down like rivers!
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
He made streams come out of the rock; and waters came flowing down like rivers.
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
He brought streams also out of the rock, and caused waters to run down like rivers.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
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Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →
נוֹזְלִ֣ים
nâzal
H5140
“flowing”
Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
- Appears 16× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Exodus 15:8
- Part of Speech
- Verb
- Stem
- Qal
- Form
- Participle Active
- Gender
- Masculine
- Number
- Plural
- State
- Absolute
Full BDB Definition
to flow, distil, flow forth or down, trickle, drop
- (Qal)
- to flow
- streams, floods (participle)
- to distil
- (Hiphil) to cause to flow
- וַיּוֹצִ֣א yâtsâʼ H3318 “and · to go out” Conjunction + Verb, Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- נוֹזְלִ֣ים nâzal H5140 “flowing” Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
- מִסָּ֑לַע çelaʻ H5553 “from · rock” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- וַיּ֖וֹרֶד yârad H3381 “and · to go down” Conjunction + Verb, Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- כַּנְּהָר֣וֹת nâhâr H5104 “like/as the · streams” Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
- מָֽיִם mayim H4325 “water(s)” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 6
- words
- 6
- distinct lemmas
- Wisdom
- section
Notable vocabulary
The rarest word here is נוֹזְלִ֣ים to flow H5140 — appearing just 16 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.
Shared distinctive vocabulary
נוֹזְלִ֣ים to flow H5140 occurs in 16 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 3 verbs
- 3 nouns
Verb forms
- וַיּוֹצִ֣א Hiphil · Sequential Imperfect
- נוֹזְלִ֣ים Qal · Participle Active
- וַיּ֖וֹרֶד Hiphil · Sequential Imperfect
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 16 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 6 Hebrew tokens and 10 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Cross-references
5Topical passages linked to Psalms 78:16 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.
- Numbers 20:10–11 Moses and Aaron gathered the assembly together before the rock, and he said to them, Hear now, you rebels; shall we bring you forth water out of this rock?
- Numbers 20:8 Take the rod, and assemble the congregation, you, and Aaron your brother, and speak you to the rock before their eyes, that it give forth its water; and you shall bring forth to them water out of the rock; so you shall give the congregation and their cattle drink.
- Deuteronomy 8:15 who led you through the great and terrible wilderness, [in which were] fiery serpents and scorpions, and thirsty ground where was no water; who brought you forth water out of the rock of flint;
- Psalms 105:41 He opened the rock, and waters gushed out. They ran as a river in the dry places.
- Deuteronomy 9:21 I took your sin, the calf which you had made, and burnt it with fire, and stamped it, grinding it very small, until it was as fine as dust: and I cast the dust of it into the brook that descended out of the mountain.
Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
You’re reading Greek Psalm 77 (Hebrew Psalm 78). The Septuagint counts the superscription, so verse numbers can differ from the Hebrew — chapter-level alignment, not verse-by-verse. Numbering follows Rahlfs.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί ἐκἄγω ὕδωρ ἐκ πέτρα καί καταἄγω ὡς ποταμός ὕδωρ
And he brought water out of the rock, and caused waters to flow down as rivers.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
Psalms, in the Wisdom, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is nâzal (“to flow”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- What does “to flow” (nâzal) contribute to the verse as a whole?
- Exodus 15:8 shares the word «to flow» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
- The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
- The verb «וַיּוֹצִ֣א» is Hiphil Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
- Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and J. A. Alexander on Psalms read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?
Things to notice
- This verse counts 6 Hebrew ↔ 10 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 9 words in this verse.
- 6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on Psalms 78:16 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Trapp's Complete Commentary
John Trapp
John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
J. A. Alexander on Psalms
Joseph Addison Alexander
Joseph Addison Alexander, The Psalms Translated and Explained (1850) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers
A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Gill's Exposition
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible
Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Matthew Poole's English Annotations
Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
The Treasury of David
Charles H. Spurgeon
Charles H. Spurgeon's The Treasury of David (1869–1885) — public domain. Psalms only. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
Whedon's Commentary on the Bible
Daniel D. Whedon
Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.
John Wesley's Explanatory Notes
John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.
Rashi
Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)
Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.