Nehemiah 11:30

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Zanoah, Adullam, and their villages, Lachish and the fields of it, Azekah and the towns of it. So they encamped from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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זָנֹ֤חַ

Zânôwach

H2182

“Zanoah”

Noun, Proper

Appears 5× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Joshua 15:34

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2186

TWOT: None

Zanoah = "cast off" - a city in the low country of Judah - a city in the mountains of Judah, perhaps southwest of Hebron

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

13: words
12: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is זָנֹ֤חַ Zanoah H2182 — appearing just 5 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

זָנֹ֤חַ Zanoah H2182 occurs in 5 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
10 nouns
1 adjective
1 preposition

Verb forms

וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

מִבְּאֵֽר Beer-sheba H884 ×2

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Nehemiah 11:30 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Joshua 10:3 Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent to Hoham king of Hebron, and to Piram king of Jarmuth, and to Japhia king of Lachish, and to Debir king of Eglon, saying,
Joshua 15:8 and the border went up by the valley of the son of Hinnom to the side of the Jebusite southward (the same is Jerusalem); and the border went up to the top of the mountain that lies before the valley of Hinnom westward, which is at the uttermost part of the valley of Rephaim northward;
Joshua 12:15 the king of Libnah, one; the king of Adullam, one;
Joshua 15:34–35 and Zanoah, and En Gannim, Tappuah, and Enam,
Joshua 15:39 Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon,
Joshua 18:16 and the border went down to the uttermost part of the mountain that lies before the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is in the valley of Rephaim northward; and it went down to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of the Jebusite southward, and went down to En Rogel;
2 Kings 23:10 He defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the children of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter to pass through the fire to Molech.
Nehemiah 3:13 The valley gate repaired Hanun, and the inhabitants of Zanoah; they built it, and set up the doors of it, the bolts of it, and the bars of it, and one thousand cubits of the wall to the dung gate.

Isaiah 37:8 So Rabshakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.
Jeremiah 7:31–32 They have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I didn't command, neither came it into my mind.
Jeremiah 19:2 and go forth to the valley of the son of Hinnom, which is by the entry of the gate Harsith, and proclaim there the words that I shall tell you;
Jeremiah 19:6 therefore, behold, the days come, says Yahweh, that this place shall no more be called Topheth, nor The valley of the son of Hinnom, but The valley of Slaughter.
Jeremiah 32:35 They built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through [the fire] to Molech; which I didn't command them, neither did it come into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.
Micah 1:15 I will yet bring to you, inhabitant of Mareshah, He who is the glory of Israel will come to Adullam.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Nehemiah 11:30 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

זָנֹ֤חַ עֲדֻלָּם֙ וְחַצְרֵיהֶ֔ם לָכִישׁ֙ וּשְׂדֹתֶ֔יהָ עֲזֵקָ֖ה וּבְנֹתֶ֑יהָ וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ מִבְּאֵֽר שֶׁ֖בַע עַד גֵּֽיא הִנֹּֽם

Zanoah, Adullam, and their villages, Lachish and the fields of it, Azekah and the towns of it. So they encamped from Beersheba to the valley of Hinnom.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Structure differs

The Septuagint has no separate book of Nehemiah. Its Greek text is the second half of Esdras B (2 Esdras), chapters 11–23; Ezra is the first half (1–10).

A verse-for-verse comparison isn’t shown here because the chapters and verses don’t line up. Switch to the LXX edition with the MT / LXX toggle above to read the Greek directly.

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from a public-domain English Septuagint. How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Nehemiah 11:30 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

11:30 all the way from Beersheba . . . to the valley of Hinnom: Earlier descriptions of places where people settled concentrated on areas north of Jerusalem (ch 3; 11:31-36); this list (11:25-30) reflects progressive expansion of places where Jewish people lived as they occupied many of their preexilic towns, both north and south of Jerusalem.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(30) From Beer-sheba unto the valley of Hinnom.—The men of Judah spread from the extreme south to the extreme north of Judah, an extent of some fifty miles.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

30. Zanoah] Cf. Jos_15:34; cf. Jos_3:13.

Adullam] Cf. Jos_15:35.

Lachish] Cf. Jos_15:39.

Azekah] Cf. Jos_15:35.

And they dwelt] R.V. So they encamped.

from Beer-sheba unto the valley of Hinnom] i.e. from the extreme southern point of Israel to the northern boundary of the tribe of Judah, the ravine or valley of Hinnom (Gay-Hinnom = Gehenna). See Jos_15:8. On the ‘valley of Hinnom,’ see note on Neh_2:13. That this list is of later date than the days of Nehemiah, is a probable inference from a comparison of the numerous towns described in this chapter as being occupied by the men of Judah, with the few names of towns, which, if we may so understand the allusions in chap. 3, were occupied by Jews, at the time of the rebuilding of the walls, i.e. Jericho, Tekoa, Gibeon, Mizpah, Zanoah, Beth-haccerem, Beth-zur, Keilah.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Bersabee. The southern extremity of Juda, (Menochius) unto the valley on the east of Jerusalem. (Adrichomius 186.)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

Zanoah and Adullam appear in close connection with Jarmuth in Jos_15:34, Jos_15:35. Zanoah was not a place of any importance, but Adullam, near which was David"s cave, is often mentioned. It had its own king in the time of Joshua, (Jos_12:15) was fortified by Rehoboam, (2Ch_11:7) and remained a city of some strength under the Maccabees. (RAPC 2Ma 12:38) Lachish is a place even more celebrated than Adullam. Its king, Japhia, warred with Joshua. (Jos_12:3-16) It was fortified by Rehoboam. (2Ch_11:9) Amaziah took refuge there when conspiracy threatened him at Jerusalem; (2Ki_14:19) and Sennacherib "besieged it with all his power". (2Ch_22:9) Azekah is joined with Jarmuth and Adullam in Jos_15:35. Like Adullam and Lachish, it was fortified by Rehoboam. (2Ch_11:9) They (i.e. the children of Judah) dwelt from Beer-sheba to the valley of Hinnom. The southernmost and the northernmost parts of Judaea are here mentioned.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Nehemiah, in the Historical, opens this verse with 13 words (12 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Zânôwach (“Zanoah”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Zanoah” (Zânôwach) contribute to the verse as a whole?
Joshua 15:34 shares the word «Zanoah» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“Beer-sheba” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
The verb «וַיַּחֲנ֥וּ» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Tyndale Open Study Notes and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
“Beer-sheba” occurs 2× in this single verse.
12 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 13 words in this verse.