Ezekiel 36:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

and I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם

ʻălîylâh

H5949

“and · like/as · deeds · their”

Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural

Appears 24× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Deuteronomy 22:14

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H5953 in the sense of effecting

TWOT: 1627c

wantonness, deed, doing - wantonness - deed - practices, evil deeds

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
8: distinct lemmas
Prophets: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם wantonness H5949 — appearing just 24 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם wantonness H5949 occurs in 24 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
4 nouns
1 particle

Verb forms

וָאָפִ֤יץ Hiphil · Sequential Imperfect
וַיִּזָּר֖וּ Niphal · Sequential Imperfect
שְׁפַטְתִּֽים Qal · Perfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 26 words from the Hebrew and 26 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Ezekiel 36:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Deuteronomy 28:64 Yahweh will scatter you among all peoples, from the one end of the earth even to the other end of the earth; and there you shall serve other gods, which you have not known, you nor your fathers, even wood and stone.
Ezekiel 39:24 According to their uncleanness and according to their transgressions did I to them; and I hid my face from them.
Ezekiel 5:12 A third part of you shall die with the pestilence, and with famine shall they be consumed in the midst of you; and a third part shall fall by the sword round about you; and a third part I will scatter to all the winds, and will draw out a sword after them.
Ezekiel 18:30 Therefore I will judge you, house of Israel, everyone according to his ways, says the Lord Yahweh. Return you, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.
Ezekiel 22:15 I will scatter you among the nations, and disperse you through the countries; and I will consume your filthiness out of you.
Amos 9:9 "For, behold, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all the nations, as grain is sifted in a sieve, yet not the least kernel will fall on the earth.
Romans 2:6 who "will pay back to everyone according to their works:"
Leviticus 26:38 You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will eat you up.

Ezekiel 7:3 Now is the end on you, and I will send my anger on you, and will judge you according to your ways; and I will bring on you all your abominations.
Ezekiel 7:8 Now will I shortly pour out my wrath on you, and accomplish my anger against you, and will judge you according to your ways; and I will bring on you all your abominations.
Ezekiel 22:31 Therefore have I poured out my indignation on them; I have consumed them with the fire of my wrath: their own way have I brought on their heads, says the Lord Yahweh.
Revelation 20:12–15 I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and they opened books. Another book was opened, which is the book of life. The dead were judged out of the things which were written in the books, according to their works.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ezekiel 36:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וָאָפִ֤יץ אֹתָם֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם וַיִּזָּר֖וּ בָּאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּדַרְכָּ֥ם וְכַעֲלִילוֹתָ֖ם שְׁפַטְתִּֽים

and I scattered them among the nations, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ezekiel 36:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί διασπείρω αὐτός εἰς ὁ ἔθνος καί λικμάω αὐτός εἰς ὁ χώρα κατά ὁ ὁδός αὐτός καί κατά ὁ ἁμαρτία αὐτός κρίνω αὐτός

and I dispersed them among the nations, and utterly scattered them through the countries: I judged them according to their way and according to their sin.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

וְאַגְלֵיתִי יַתְהוֹן לְבֵינֵי עַמְמַיָא וְאִתְבַּדָרוּ בִּמְדִינָתָא כְּאוֹרְחָתְהוֹן בִּישְׁתָא וּכְעוֹבָדֵיהוֹן מְקַלְקְלַיָא אִתְפְּרָעֵית מִנְהוֹן:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Ezekiel 36:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Eze 36:19 And I scattered them among the heathen, and they were dispersed through the countries: according to their way and according to their doings I judged them.

Ver. 19. And I scattered them among the heathen.] Whose idols they had worshipped, and whose manners they had imitated.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. The consequences of Jehovah’s wrath—the people were scattered by him among all the nations, Eze_7:3, Eze_18:30.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And I scattered them among the Heathen,.... First by the Chaldeans, in the various provinces of Babylon; and next by the Romans, in the various parts of the world; and in this condition they now are:

and they were dispersed through the countries; or blown about as chaff, stubble, or any such like thing, is by the wind:

according to their way and according to their doings I judged them; condemned and punished them as their evil ways and wicked works deserved, according to the rules of justice and equity; so that no injustice was done them, nor could any fault be justly found in the proceedings of God towards them.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

My hand scattered them, and what hand can retain the inhabitants that God will fling out?

They were driven away, as chaff before the wind. As their ways and doings provoked me, and deserved what I brought on them, so I judged them, and punished them with desolation.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

According to their way and according to their doings I judged them. The language hints at a correspondence between the punishment and the crime. As a woman in her separation was not only defiled, but separated from the congregation, (Lev_15:19) so Israel, having defiled both herself and her land, required to be removed from it. (Lev_18:28) And she was. Jehovah scattered her among the heathen and dispersed her through the countries.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

General Information:

Yahweh continues speaking to Ezekiel about Israel.

I scattered them among the nations; they were dispersed through the lands

These two phrases mean basically the same thing. See how you translated a similar phrase in Ezekiel 12:15. AT: "I caused them to separate and live in separate lands" (See: Parallelism)

they were dispersed through the lands

This can be stated in active form. AT: "I dispersed them through the lands" (See: Active or Passive)

their ways and their deeds

Here "ways" and "deeds" mean basically the same thing. AT: "the things that they have done" (See: Doublet)

they profaned my holy name

Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "they mocked me" (See: Metonymy)

when people

"because other people said"

Are these really the people of Yahweh?

The people use a question to express their surprise at what they saw. AT: "I cannot believe these are really the people of Yahweh!" (See: Rhetorical Question)

For they have been thrown out of his land

This can be stated in active form. AT: "For Yahweh has forced them out of his land" (See: Active or Passive)

his land

This refers to the land of Israel.

But I had compassion for my holy name that the house of Israel had defiled among the nations, when they went there

Here "name" represents Yahweh and his reputation. AT: "When the house of Israel went among the nations, they caused me disgrace, but I wanted people to know that I am holy" (See: Metonymy)

I had compassion for my holy name

"I cared about my holy name"

the house of Israel

Here "house" represents people. AT: "the people of Israel" (See: Metonymy)

translationWords

nation

judge

profane

holy

name

Yahweh

compassion

defile

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ezekiel, in the Prophets, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻălîylâh (“wantonness”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʻălîylâh carries the sense “wantonness.” How does it shape the verse?
Deuteronomy 22:14 shares the word «wantonness» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
The verb «וָאָפִ֤יץ» is Hiphil Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 8 words in this verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.