Psalms 144:6

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Psalms 144:6 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Psalms 144:6 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/psalms/144/6.

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English Translation
Throw out lightning, and scatter them. Send out your arrows, and rout them.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
  • 1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Throw out lightning, and scatter them. Send out your arrows, and rout them.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Light lightning and scatter them; send your arrows and rout them.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Throw out lightning, and scatter them. Send out your arrows, and rout them.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Flash forth Your lightning and scatter them; shoot Your arrows and rout them.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Flash forth Your lightning and scatter them; shoot Your arrows and rout them.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them; Send out thine arrows, and discomfit them.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them; send out thine arrows, and discomfit them.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Cast forth the lightning and scatter them: shoote out thine arrowes, and consume them.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    I stretched forth my hands to thee: my soul is as earth without water unto thee.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    Send forth lightning, and scatter them, Send forth Thine arrows, and trouble them,
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Send forth lightning, and scatter them, || Send forth Your arrows, and trouble them,
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Send flashes of lightning and scatter my enemies; shoot your arrows and drive them back in confusion.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Light lightning and scatter them; send your arrows and rout them.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Cast forth lightnings, and scatter them; send forth thine arrows, and discomfit them:
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Throw out lightning, and scatter them. Send out your arrows, and rout them.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot thy arrows, and destroy them.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Scatter your enemies with flashes of lightning! Let your arrows fly and send them running in confusion!
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    With your storm-flames send them in flight: send out your arrows for their destruction.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    Cast forth lightning, and scatter them; send out Thine arrows, and discomfit them.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

6
words
6
distinct lemmas
Wisdom
section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • בְּר֣וֹק to flash H1299

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • בְּר֣וֹק to flash H1299

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וּתְהֻמֵּֽם to confuse H2000 occurs in 14 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 4 verbs
  • 2 nouns

Verb forms

  • בְּר֣וֹק Qal · Imperative
  • וּתְפִיצֵ֑ם Hiphil · Imperfect
  • שְׁלַ֥ח Qal · Imperative
  • וּתְהֻמֵּֽם Qal · Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 13 words from the Hebrew and 16 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

8

Topical passages linked to Psalms 144:6 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Deuteronomy 32:23 I will heap evils on them; I will spend my arrows on them:
  • Psalms 18:13–14 Yahweh also thundered in the sky, The Most High uttered his voice: Hailstones and coals of fire.
  • Deuteronomy 32:42 I will make my arrows drunk with blood, My sword shall devour flesh; With the blood of the slain and the captives, From the head of the leaders of the enemy.
  • 2 Samuel 22:12–15 He made darkness pavilions round about him, Gathering of waters, thick clouds of the skies.
  • Psalms 7:12–13 If a man doesn't relent, he will sharpen his sword; He has bent and strung his bow.
  • Psalms 21:12 For you will make them turn their back, When you aim drawn bows at their face.
  • Psalms 45:5 Your arrows are sharp. The nations fall under you, with arrows in the heart of the king's enemies.
  • Psalms 77:17–18 The clouds poured out water. The skies resounded with thunder. Your arrows also flashed around.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

You’re reading Greek Psalm 143 (Hebrew Psalm 144). The Septuagint counts the superscription, so verse numbers can differ from the Hebrew — chapter-level alignment, not verse-by-verse. Numbering follows Rahlfs.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Psalms 144:6 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

בְּר֣וֹק בָּ֭רָק וּתְפִיצֵ֑ם שְׁלַ֥ח חִ֝צֶּ֗יךָ וּתְהֻמֵּֽם

Throw out lightning, and scatter them. Send out your arrows, and rout them.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Greek Psalm 143:6 Septuagint · lemma form

ἀστράπτω ἀστραπή καί σκορπίζω αὐτός ἐκ ἀποστέλλω ὁ βέλος σύ καί συνταράσσω αὐτός

Send lightning, and you shall scatter them: send forth your arrows, and you shall discomfit them.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, John Gill's Exposition discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Psalms 144:6 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Psa 144:6 Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them.

Ver. 6. Cast forth lightning, and scatter them] All this was done according to David’s desire, Psa 18:13-14. God sometimes answereth his suitors ad cardinem desiderii; and saith unto them, Be it unto you even as ye will. This is a wonderful condescension.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

J. A. Alexander on Psalms

Joseph Addison Alexander

6. (Psa 144:6) Lighten lightning and scatter them; send out thy arrows and confound them. The first word in Hebrew is a verb occurring nowhere else, and composed of the same radicals with the common word for lightning which immediately follows. For the meaning of the other terms, see above, on Psa 18:14, and compare the parallel passage, 2Sa 22:14, with which the writer of the psalm before us was certainly acquainted, as appears from his occasional use of its peculiar readings.

Joseph Addison Alexander, The Psalms Translated and Explained (1850) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

By these manner of speeches he showeth that all the lets in the world cannot hinder God’s power, which he apprehended by faith.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 6. Cast forth lightning] See Clarke on Ps 18:13; "Ps 18:14".

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) Cast forth lightning.—Literally, lighten lightning, the verb being quite peculiar to this place.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

6. Lighten lightning, and scatter them:

Send forth thine arrows, and discomfit them.

A variation of Psa_18:14, corresponding again more closely to the text of 2Sa_22:15. Them must refer to the enemies who are in the Psalmist’s mind, though he has not expressly mentioned them.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Cast forth lightning, and scatter them,.... The mountains, the kings and kingdoms of the earth; the enemies of David, and of Christ, and of his people; particularly the Jews, who have been scattered all over the earth by the judgments of God upon them; cast forth like lightning, which is swift, piercing, penetrating, and destructive;

shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them; or, "trouble them" (k); as the Targum, Septuagint, and Arabic versions, nearer to the Hebrew: these also design the sore judgments of God, the arrows of famine, pestilence, and sword; which fly swiftly, pierce deeply, cut sharply, and, like fiery darts, give great pain and trouble. So Kimchi and Ben Melech interpret them of the decrees which come down from heaven, as Aben Ezra does Psa 144:5, by "lightning" Arama understands the flame of fire which comes out with thunder; and by "arrows" the thunderbolt, which he calls a stone hardened in the air like iron.

(k) "ac turba eos", Tigurine version; "et conturba eos", Cocceius, Michaelis.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Cast forth lightnings, and scatter them - See the notes at Psa 18:14 : “He sent out his arrows, and scattered them.” The allusion there is to lightning. The psalmist prays that; God would do now again what he had then done. The Hebrew here is, “Lighten lightning;” that is, Send forth lightning. The word is used as a verb nowhere else.

Shoot out thine arrows ... - So in Psa 18:14 : “He shot out lightnings.” The words are the same here as in that psalm, only that they are arranged differently. See the notes at that place.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Thy thunderbolts, which oft accompany the lightnings and thunder.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Treasury of David

Charles H. Spurgeon

Ver. 6. Cast forth lightning, and scatter them. The Eternal can hurl his lightnings wheresoever he pleases, and effect his purpose instantaneously. The artillery of heaven soon puts the enemy to flight: a single bolt sets the armies running hither and thither in utter rout.

Shoot out thine arrows, and destroy them. Jehovah never misses the mark; his arrows are fatal to his foes when he goes forth to war. It was no common faith which led the poet king to expect the Lord to use his thunderbolts on behalf of a single member of that race which he had just now described as "like to vanity." A believer in God may without presumption expect the Almighty Lord to use on his behalf all the stores of his wisdom and power: even the terrible forces of tempest shall be marshalled to the fight, for the defence of the Lord's chosen. When we have once mastered the greater difficulty of the Lord's taking any interest in us, it is but a small thing that we should expect him to exert his great power on our behalf. This is far from being the only time in which this believing warrior had thus prayed: Ps 18:1-50 is specially like the present; the good man was not abashed at his former boldness, but here repeats himself without fear.

Ver. 6. Cast forth lightning. The Hebrew here is, "Lighten lightning"; that is, Send forth lightning. The word is used as a verb nowhere else. Albert Barnes.

Psalms 144:7*

Charles H. Spurgeon's The Treasury of David (1869–1885) — public domain. Psalms only. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Cast forth lightning, and scatter them: shoot out thins arrows, and destroy them. (comp. Psa_18:14)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Psalms, in the Wisdom, opens this verse with 6 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is bâraq (“to flash”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “to flash” (bâraq) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. 1 word here appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. Why might the author reach for such rare wording?
  3. This is the first place “to flash” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
  4. How does Exodus 14:24, which shares the word «to confuse», read alongside this verse?
  5. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  6. «בְּר֣וֹק» is a Qal Imperative verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and J. A. Alexander on Psalms read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

  • 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
  • 1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
  • These translations choose different wording for 9 words in this verse.
  • 6 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 6 words in this verse.

Reading settings

Reading text

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Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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