Judges 4:15

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Judges 4:15 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Judges 4:15 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/judges/4/15.

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Yahweh confused Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Yahweh confused Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Yahweh panicked Sisera and all of the chariotry and all of the army, to the mouth of the sword to the face of Barak. So Sisera descended from upon the chariot and fled on his feet.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Yahweh confused Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    And in front of him the LORD routed with the sword Sisera, all his charioteers, and all his army. Sisera abandoned his chariot and fled on foot.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    And in front of him the LORD routed with the sword Sisera, all his charioteers, and all his army. Sisera abandoned his chariot and fled on foot.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And Jehovah discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera lighted down from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And the Lord destroyed Sisera and all his charets, and al his hoste with the edge of the sword before Barak, so that Sisera lighted downe off his charet, and fled away on his feete.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And the Lord struck a terror into Sisara, and all his chariots, and all his multitude, with the edge of the sword, at the sight of Barac, insomuch that Sisara leaping down from off his chariot, fled away on foot.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And Jehovah destroyeth Sisera, and all the chariots, and all the camp, by the mouth of the sword, before Barak, and Sisera cometh down from off the chariot, and fleeth on his feet.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And YHWH destroys Sisera, and all the chariots, and all the camp, by the mouth of the sword, before Barak, and Sisera comes down from off the chariot, and flees on his feet.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army with the edge of the sword. And Sisera got down from his chariot and ran away on foot.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Yahweh panicked Sisera and all of the chariotry and all of the army, to the mouth of the sword to the face of Barak. So Sisera descended from upon the chariot and fled on his feet.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And the LORD routed Sis'era and all his chariots and all his army before Barak at the edge of the sword; and Sis'era alighted from his chariot and fled away on foot.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    The LORD confused Sisera, all his chariots, and all his army, with the edge of the sword before Barak. Sisera abandoned his chariot and fled away on his feet.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    When Barak attacked, the Lord threw Sisera and all his chariots and warriors into a confused panic. Sisera jumped down from his chariot and ran away.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And the Lord sent fear on Sisera and all his war-carriages and all his army before Barak; and Sisera got down from his war-carriage and went in flight on foot.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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בָרָ֑ק
Bârâq
H1301
“Barak”
Noun, Proper
Part of Speech
Noun
Type
Proper
Full BDB Definition

Origin: the same as H1300

TWOT: None

Barak = "lightning" or " lightning flash" - son of Abinoam of Kedesh who, incited by Deborah, a prophetess of Ephraim, delivered the Israelites from the yoke of Jabin by routing the Canaanites in the plain of Jezreel
  1. וַיָּ֣הָם hâmam H2000 “and · to confuse” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. יְ֠הוָה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 “LORD” Noun, Proper
  3. אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  4. סִֽיסְרָ֨א Çîyçᵉrâʼ H5516 “Sisera” Noun, Proper
  5. וְאֶת ʼêth H853 “and · -” Conjunction + Particle, Direct Object
  6. כָּל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  7. הָרֶ֧כֶב rekeb H7393 “the · chariot” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  8. וְאֶת ʼêth H853 “and · -” Conjunction + Particle, Direct Object
  9. כָּל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  10. הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה machăneh H4264 “the · camp” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute
  11. לְפִי peh H6310 “to/for · mouth of” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  12. חֶ֖רֶב chereb H2719 “sword” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  13. לִפְנֵ֣י pânîym H6440 “to/for · face(s) of” Preposition + Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Construct
  14. וַיֵּ֧רֶד yârad H3381 “and · to go down” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  15. סִֽיסְרָ֛א Çîyçᵉrâʼ H5516 “Sisera” Noun, Proper
  16. מֵעַ֥ל ʻal H5921 “from · upon” Preposition + Preposition
  17. הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה merkâbâh H4818 “the · chariot” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  18. וַיָּ֥נָס nûwç H5127 “and · to flee” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  19. בְּרַגְלָֽיו regel H7272 “in/at · feet · his” Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Dual, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

20
words
16
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is בָרָ֑ק Barak H1301 — appearing just 13 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

בָרָ֑ק Barak H1301 occurs in 12 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 3 verbs
  • 13 nouns
  • 1 preposition
  • 3 particles

Verb forms

  • וַיָּ֣הָם Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיֵּ֧רֶד Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיָּ֥נָס Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • סִֽיסְרָ֨א Sisera H5516 ×2
  • כָּל all H3605 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 31 words from the Hebrew and 33 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 20 Hebrew tokens and 32 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

6

Topical passages linked to Judges 4:15 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Joshua 10:10 Yahweh confused them before Israel, and he killed them with a great slaughter at Gibeon, and chased them by the way of the ascent of Beth Horon, and struck them to Azekah, and to Makkedah.
  • Psalms 83:9–10 Do to them as you did to Midian, As to Sisera, as to Jabin, at the river Kishon;
  • Judges 5:20–21 From the sky the stars fought, From their courses they fought against Sisera.
  • 2 Kings 7:6 For the Lord had made the host of the Syrians to hear a noise of chariots, and a noise of horses, even the noise of a great host: and they said one to another, Behold, the king of Israel has hired against us the kings of the Hittites, and the kings of the Egyptians, to come on us.
  • 2 Chronicles 13:15–17 Then the men of Judah gave a shout: and as the men of Judah shouted, it happened, that God struck Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah.
  • Hebrews 11:32 What more shall I say? For the time would fail me if I told of Gideon, Barak, Samson, Jephthah, David, Samuel, and the prophets;

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Judges 4:15 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיָּ֣הָם יְ֠הוָה אֶת סִֽיסְרָ֨א וְאֶת כָּל הָרֶ֧כֶב וְאֶת כָּל הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֛ה לְפִי חֶ֖רֶב לִפְנֵ֣י בָרָ֑ק וַיֵּ֧רֶד סִֽיסְרָ֛א מֵעַ֥ל הַמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה וַיָּ֥נָס בְּרַגְלָֽיו

Yahweh confused Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; and Sisera alighted from his chariot, and fled away on his feet.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Judges 4:15 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ἐκἵστημι κύριος ὁ σισαρα καί πᾶς ὁ ἅρμα αὐτός καί πᾶς ὁ παρεμβολή αὐτός ἐν στόμα ῥομφαία ἐνώπιον βαρακ καί καταβαίνω σισαρα ἐπάνωθεν ὁ ἅρμα αὐτός καί φεύγω ὁ πούς αὐτός

And the Lord discomfited Sisara, and all his chariots, and all his army, with the edge of the sword before Barac: and Sisara descended from off his chariot, and fled on his feet.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וְתַבֵּר יְיָ יַת סִיסְרָא וְיַת כָּל רְתִיכַיָא וְיַת כָּל מַשְׁרִיתָא לְפִתְגַם דְחֶרֶב קֳדָם בָּרָק וּנְחַת סִיסְרָא מֵעַל רְתִיכָא וְאַפַּךְ בְּרַגְלוֹהִי:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Judges 4:15 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Jdg 4:15 And the LORD discomfited Sisera, and all [his] chariots, and all [his] host, with the edge of the sword before Barak; so that Sisera lighted down off [his] chariot, and fled away on his feet.

Ver. 15. And the Lord discomfited Sisera.] Or, Terrified, as the vulgar Latin hath it, perhaps by thunder and hailstones, as Jos 10:10 1Sa 7:10, where the same Hebrew word is used; or else by some hurry noise made in the air by the angels, as 2Ki 6:15-18; but something was certainly done from heaven, {Jdg 5:20} wherewith the Canaanites were so frightened, that many of them ran into the river Kishon and there perished. {Jdg 5:21} So the winds fought for Theodosius in that famous battle against Maximus. {a} Hence Claudian, a heathen, cried out of him -

“ O nimium dilecte Deo, cui militat aether,

Et coniurati veniunt ad classica venti ”

{a} Aug., De Civ. Dei, lib. v. cap. 26.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

the Lord discomfited Sisera--Hebrew, "threw his army into confusion"; men, horses, and chariots being intermingled in wild confusion. The disorder was produced by a supernatural panic (see on Jdg 5:20).

so that Sisera lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet--His chariot being probably distinguished by its superior size and elegance, would betray the rank of its rider, and he saw therefore that his only chance of escape was on foot.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 15. The Lord discomfited Sisera] ויהם יהוה vayiahom Jehovah; the Lord CONFOUNDED, threw them all into confusion, drove them pell-mell-caused chariots to break and overthrow chariots, and threw universal disorder into all their ranks. In this case Barak and his men had little to do but kill and pursue, and Sisera in order to escape, was obliged to abandon his chariot. There is no doubt all this was done by supernatural agency; God sent his angel and confounded them.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(15) Discomfited.—The same word as in Exo_14:24; Jos_10:10. The LXX. exestçse, and the Vulg. perterruit, imply the element of immediate Divine aid in the battle.

Sisera, and all his chariots.—“Some trust in chariots and some in horses, but we will remember the name of the Lord our God” (Psa_20:7; comp. Psa_33:16-17; Pro_21:31).

And all his host.—“Do unto them . . . as to Sisera, as to Jabin at the brook of Kison, which perished at Endor, and became as the dung of the earth” (Psa_83:9-10). Considering the allusion to the swollen waters of the Kishon and the storm in Jdg_5:20-22, it seems probable that Josephus is following a correct Jewish tradition when he describes the battle thus:—“They joined battle, and as the ranks closed a violent storm came on, and much rain and hail; and the wind drove the rain against the faces of the Canaanites, darkening their outlook, so that their archeries and their slings were rendered useless, and their heavy-armed soldiers, because of the cold, were unable to use their swords. But since the storm was behind the Israelites, it caused them less harm, and they further took courage from their belief in God’s assistance, so that, driving into the midst of the enemy, they killed many of them,” &c. (Antt. v. 5, § 4). The battle thus closely resembled that of Timoleon against the Carthaginians at the Crimessus (Grote, xi. 246), and the English victory at Crecy, as has been graphically described by Dean Stanley (Jew. Church, i. 329). We may add that similar conditions recurred in the battle of Cannæ, except that it was the storm of dust and not of rain that was blown in the faces of the Romans by the Scirocco (Liv. 22:46; Plut. Fab. 16).

Sisera lighted down off his chariot.—We find an Homeric hero, Idæus (Il. v. 20), doing the same thing. On this the frivolous critic Zoilus made the objection, “Why did he not fly in his chariot?” The answer is the same as here: Sisera would have far more chance of escaping into concealment if he left the well-known chariot of a general. Besides this, his chariot—like those of the Egyptians at the Red Sea—was probably struggling in the trampled morass. “It was left to rust on the banks of the Kishon, like Roderick’s on the shores of the Guadelete” (Stanley).

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

15. discomfited] lit. ‘confused,’ ‘threw into a panic.’ The word, not a common one, occurs again in the prose counterpart to the Song of Moses (Exo_14:24), and in Jos_10:10 just before the poetic fragment Jdg_4:12-13; cf. 1Sa_7:10. The words with the edge of the sword do not go well with threw into a panic; they may have come accidentally from Jdg_4:16.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the Lord discomfited Sisera and all his chariots, and all his host,.... Frightened them, as the Septuagint and Vulgate Latin versions, or disturbed them with a noise and tumult, as the word signifies; with a noise in the heavens, which were in their ears, as Abarbinel observes, like the noise of a large army, as was the case of the Syrians, Kg2 7:6; and they saw, he says, horses and chariots of fire, and the like, which terrified them; and all this he supposes was done before Barak descended from the mountain, so that he had nothing to do when he came but to pursue and kill, whereby it plainly appeared it was the Lord's doing. Josephus (i) says there was a great tempest of rain and hail, and the wind blew the rain in their faces, which so blinded their eyes, that their slings and arrows were of no use to them; and they that bore armour were so benumbed, that they could not hold their swords. Something of this kind is intimated by Deborah in her song, Jdg 5:20; and this was accompanied or followed by a slaughter

with the edge of the sword before Barak; the fright and dread they were put into was increased by the appearance of Barak, who fell upon them in their confusion, and cut them to pieces:

so that Sisera lighted down off his chariot, and fled away on his feet; being very probably swift of foot; and besides thought it safest to quit his chariot, which in the confusion was in danger of being run against by others; as also he might judge he should not be so easily discerned who he was when on foot, as a common soldier, as in his splendid chariot; and this he might do in his fright, not considering his horses were swifter than he: thus Homer represents a Trojan warrior leaping out of his chariot to escape Diomedes, and another as doing the same to get clear of Achilles (k).

(i) Ut supra, (Antiqu. l. 5. c. 5. sect. 1.) sect. 4. (k) Vid. Iliad. 5. & 20.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Lighted down off his chariot - Probably his chariot stuck in the morass (see the note at Jdg 4:7); or he might leave his chariot in order to mislead his pursuers, and in hope of gaining a place of safety while they were following the track of the chariot-wheels and the bulk of the host.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Terror. The most dreadful storms of thunder, lightning, &c., (chap. v. 20,) discomfited the enemy, while the sword of Barac (Calmet) dealt death around, so that Sisara and all his army presently turned their backs, (Haydock) and the general himself being stricken with a panic, leapt from his chariot, as if he thought his horses did not run fast enough. Thus Homer represents two Trojans abandoning their chariots, to escape the fury of Diomed and of Achilles. (Iliad v., and xx.)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The Lord discomfited Sisera, with great terror and noise, as the word signifies, Exo 14:24; Jos 10:10; 1Sa 10, most probably with thunder, and lightning, and hailstones, or other such instruments of destruction poured upon them from heaven, as is sufficiently implied, Jdg 5:20.

With the edge of the sword, i.e. by the sword of Barak and his army, whose ministry God used; but so that they had little else to do but to kill these whom God by more powerful arms had put to flight.

Fled away on his feet, that he might flee away more secretly and securely in the quality of a common soldier, whereas his chariot would have exposed him to more observation and hazard.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

15. The Lord discomfited Sisera — Confused and confounded him, and gave such an impulse to the warriors of Barak that the vigorous use of their swords was more terrible than Jabin’s chariots, and filled all the Canaanitish host with such sudden alarm that they fled panic stricken before the Israelites. There was also direct miraculous interposition. “They fought from heaven,” says Jdg_5:20, and Josephus states that there came a violent tempest and hail, which so obscured the eyes of Sisera’s host that they could not use their arrows and slings, and many were killed by their own horses and chariots. The rain had swelled the Kishon to a flood, so that its rushing waters swept multitudes away. Jdg_5:21. The flight of the defeated host would naturally be down the valley towards Harosheth.

Sisera lighted — Hoping, probably, to elude pursuit.

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Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

The Lord discomfited, etc. Deborah had announced that the Lord was gone out before the host of Barak, and so the victory was not man"s, but the Lord"s. "Not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of hosts." The Lord is a man of war, the Lord of hosts is his name." Sisera lighted down off his chariot, etc., and

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Discomfited - With great terror and noise, as the word signifies, probably with thunder and lightning, and hail-stones, poured upon them from heaven, as is implied, chap. v, 20. Edge of the sword - That is, by the sword of Barak and his army, whose ministry God used; but so, that they had little else to do, but to kill those whom God by more powerful arms had put to flight. On his feet - That he might flee away more secretly in the quality of a common soldier, whereas his chariot would have exposed him to more observation.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

"And the Lord discomfited Sisera, and all his chariots, and all his army, with the edge of the sword before Barak." ויּהם, as in Exo 14:24 and Jos 10:10, denotes the confounding of the hostile army by a miracle of God, mostly by some miraculous phenomenon of nature: see, besides Exo 14:24; Sa2 22:15; Psa 18:15, and Psa 144:6. The expression ויּהם places the defeat of Sisera and his army in the same category as the miraculous destruction of Pharaoh and of the Canaanites at Gibeon; and the combination of this verb with the expression "with the edge of the sword" is to be taken as constructio praegnans, in the sense: Jehovah threw Sisera and his army into confusion, and, like a terrible champion fighting in front of Israel, smote him without quarter, Sisera sprang from his chariot to save himself, and fled on foot; but Barak pursued the routed foe to Harosheth, and completely destroyed them. "All Sisera's army fell by the edge of the sword; there remained not even to one," i.e., not a single man.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

Yahweh confused Sisera and all his chariots and all his army

"Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army unable to think clearly" or "Yahweh made Sisera and all his chariots and all his army panic"

all his chariots

Here the word "chariots" is a metonym for the soldiers driving the chariots. AT: "all the men driving chariots" (See: Metonymy)

Barak pursued

Here "Barak" represents himself and his army. AT: "Barak and his soldiers chased" (See: Synecdoche)

Harosheth

Translate this the same way you did in Judges 4:2.

the whole army of Sisera was killed by the edge of the sword

Here "sword" represents the swords and other weapons that the soldiers used in battle. This can be stated in active form. AT: "Barak and his soldiers killed Sisera's whole army with their swords" (See: Synecdoche and Active or Passive)

translationWords

Yahweh

chariot

Gentile

sword

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Judges, in the Historical, opens this verse with 20 words (16 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Bârâq (“Barak”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Barak” (Bârâq) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. Judges 4:6 shares the word «Barak» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  3. “Sisera” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  4. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  5. The verb «וַיָּ֣הָם» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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Old Testament
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