Joshua 24:31

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Joshua 24:31 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Joshua 24:31 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/joshua/24/31.

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Israel served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Yahweh, that he had worked for Israel.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Israel served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Yahweh, that he had worked for Israel.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Israel served Yahweh all of the days of Joshua and all of the days of the elders who lengthened days after Joshua and who knew every deed of Yahweh that he had done for Israel.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Israel served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Yahweh, that he had worked for Israel.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Israel had served the LORD throughout the days of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had experienced all the works that the LORD had done for Israel.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Israel had served the LORD throughout the days of Joshua and of the elders who outlived him and who had experienced all the works that the LORD had done for Israel.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And Israel served Jehovah all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Jehovah, that he had wrought for Israel.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that he had wrought for Israel.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And Israel serued the Lord all the daies of Ioshua, and all the daies of the Elders that ouerliued Ioshua, and which had knowen all the workes of the Lord that he had done for Israel.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    ,31And Israel served the Lord all the days of Josue, and of the ancients that lived a long time after Josue, and that had known all the works of the Lord which he had done in Israel.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And Israel serveth Jehovah all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who prolonged days after Joshua, and who knew all the work of Jehovah which He did to Israel.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Israel serves YHWH all [the] days of Joshua, and all [the] days of the elderly who prolonged days after Joshua, and who knew all the work of YHWH which He did to Israel.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Israel worshiped Yahweh all of Joshua's days, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, those who had experienced everything that Yahweh had done for Israel.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Israel served Yahweh all of the days of Joshua and all of the days of the elders who lengthened days after Joshua and who knew every deed of Yahweh that he had done for Israel.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And Israel served Jehovah all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders whose days were prolonged after Joshua, and who had known all the works of Jehovah, which he had done for Israel.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that he had worked for Israel.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and who had known all the works of the LORD that he had done for Israel.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    The Israelites continued to worship the Lord throughout Joshua's life, and throughout the lifetimes of the elders who outlived him, those who had seen all that the Lord had done for Israel.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And Israel was true to the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the older men who were still living after Joshua's death, and had seen what the Lord had done for Israel.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of the LORD, that He had wrought for Israel.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ
ʼârak
H748
“to be long”
Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural
Part of Speech
Verb
Stem
Hiphil
Form
Perfect
Person
3rd Person
Gender
Common
Number
Plural
Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 162

to be long, prolong - (Qal) to be long - (Hiphil) - to prolong (days) - to make long (tent cords) - to grow long, continue long
  1. וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד ʻâbad H5647 “and · to serve” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ Yisrâʼêl H3478 “Israel” Noun, Proper
  3. אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  4. יְהוָ֔ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 “LORD” Noun, Proper
  5. כֹּ֖ל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  6. יְמֵ֣י yôwm H3117 “days of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  7. יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ H3091 “Joshua” Noun, Proper
  8. וְכֹ֣ל kôl H3605 “and · all of” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  9. יְמֵ֣י yôwm H3117 “days of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  10. הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים zâqên H2205 “the · old” Particle, Definite Article + Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  11. אֲשֶׁ֨ר ʼăsher H834 “which” Particle, Relative
  12. יָמִים֙ yôwm H3117 “days” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  13. אַחֲרֵ֣י ʼachar H310 “after” Preposition
  14. יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ Yᵉhôwshûwaʻ H3091 “Joshua” Noun, Proper
  15. וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר ʼăsher H834 “and · which” Conjunction + Particle, Relative
  16. יָדְע֗וּ yâdaʻ H3045 “to know” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural
  17. אֵ֚ת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  18. כָּל kôl H3605 “all of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  19. מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה maʻăseh H4639 “work of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct
  20. יְהוָ֔ה Yᵉhôvâh H3068 “LORD” Noun, Proper
  21. אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 “which” Particle, Relative
  22. עָשָׂ֖ה ʻâsâh H6213 “to do” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  23. לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל Yisrâʼêl H3478 “to/for · Israel” Preposition + Noun, Proper

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

24
words
14
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ to be long H748 occurs in 34 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 4 verbs
  • 13 nouns
  • 1 adjective
  • 1 preposition
  • 5 particles

Verb forms

  • וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ Hiphil · Perfect
  • יָדְע֗וּ Qal · Perfect
  • עָשָׂ֖ה Qal · Perfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • כֹּ֖ל all H3605 ×3
  • יְמֵ֣י day H3117 ×3
  • יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ Israel H3478 ×2
  • יְהוָ֔ה LORD H3068 ×2
  • יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ Joshua H3091 ×2
  • אֲשֶׁ֨ר which H834 ×3

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 32 words from the Hebrew and 38 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

9

Topical passages linked to Joshua 24:31 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Judges 2:7 The people served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, who had seen all the great work of Yahweh that he had worked for Israel.
  • Deuteronomy 31:13 and that their children, who have not known, may hear, and learn to fear Yahweh your God, as long as you live in the land where you go over the Jordan to possess it.
  • Deuteronomy 11:2 Know you this day: for I don't speak with your children who have not known, and who have not seen the chastisement of Yahweh your God, his greatness, his mighty hand, and his outstretched arm,
  • Deuteronomy 31:29 For I know that after my death you will utterly corrupt yourselves, and turn aside from the way which I have commanded you; and evil will happen to you in the latter days; because you will do that which is evil in the sight of Yahweh, to provoke him to anger through the work of your hands.
  • Deuteronomy 11:7 but your eyes have seen all the great work of Yahweh which he did.
  • 2 Chronicles 24:2 Joash did that which was right in the eyes of Yahweh all the days of Jehoiada the priest.
  • 2 Chronicles 24:17–18 Now after the death of Jehoiada came the princes of Judah, and made obeisance to the king. Then the king listened to them.
  • Acts 20:29 For I know that after my departure, vicious wolves will enter in among you, not sparing the flock.
  • Philippians 2:12 So then, my beloved, even as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now much more in my absence, work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 24:31 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶת יְהוָ֔ה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ וְכֹ֣ל יְמֵ֣י הַזְּקֵנִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֶאֱרִ֤יכוּ יָמִים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יָדְע֗וּ אֵ֚ת כָּל מַעֲשֵׂ֣ה יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשָׂ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל

Israel served Yahweh all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders who outlived Joshua, and had known all the work of Yahweh, that he had worked for Israel.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 24:31 Septuagint · lemma form

καί θάπτω αὐτός πρός ὁ ὅριον ὁ κλῆρος αὐτός ἐν θαμναθασαχαρα ἐν ὁ ὄρος ὁ ἐφράιμ ἀπό βορέας ὁ ὄρος γαας ἐκεῖ τίθημι μετά αὐτός εἰς ὁ μνῆμα εἰς ὅς θάπτω αὐτός ἐκεῖ ὁ μάχαιρα ὁ πέτρινος ἐν ὅς περιτέμνω ὁ υἱός ἰσραήλ ἐν γάλγαλα ὅτε ἐκἄγω αὐτός ἐκ αἴγυπτος καθά συντάσσω αὐτός κύριος καί ἐκεῖ εἰμί ἕως ὁ σήμερον ἡμέρα

And Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that lived as long as Joshua, and all that knew all the works of the Lord which he wrought for Israel.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, Adam Clarke's Commentary discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וּפְלַח יִשְׂרָאֵל קֳדָם יְיָ כָּל יוֹמֵי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל יוֹמֵי סָבַיָא דִי אוֹרִיכוּ יוֹמִין בָּתַר יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְדִי יְדָעוּ יַת כָּל עוֹבְדָא דַייָ דִי עֲבַד לְיִשְׂרָאֵל:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 24:31 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Jos 24:31 And Israel served the LORD all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua, and which had known all the works of the LORD, that he had done for Israel.

Ver. 31. {See Trapp on "Jos 23:8"}

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

24:31 Joshua’s legacy was so strong that Israel remained faithful to God even throughout the lifetime . . . of the elders who outlived him.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Such are the people commonly as their rulers are.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua--The high and commanding character of this eminent leader had given so decided a tone to the sentiments and manners of his contemporaries and the memory of his fervent piety and many virtues continued so vividly impressed on the memories of the people, that the sacred historian has recorded it to his immortal honor. "Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and all the days of the elders that overlived Joshua."

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 31. And Israel served the Lord, c.] Though there was private idolatry among them, for they had strange gods, yet there was no public idolatry all the days of Joshua and of the elders that overlived Joshua most of whom must have been advanced in years at the death of this great man. Hence Calmet supposes that the whole of this time might amount to about fifteen years. It has already been noted that this verse is placed by the Septuagint after Jos 24:28.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(31) Israel served the Lord all the days of Joshua, and . . . of the elders that overlived Joshua.—It cannot surprise us that the personal influence of the man and of the events of his day was so difficult to efface. There was a primitive Church in Canaan as well as in the Roman Empire. The short duration of the one seems to have an analogy in the case of the other.

(32) The bones of Joseph, and also of his brethren, as appears by Act_7:16. The precedent set by Joseph is exceedingly likely to have been followed.

And it became the inheritance of the children of Joseph.—It may be that this fact helped to fix the position of Ephraim and Manasseh in the centre of the country.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

31. And Israel served the Lord] The remarks here made as to the conduct of the nation after the death of Joshua are quite in keeping with the design of the book. They afford “evidence of the fruit, which resulted from Joshua’s faithful activity for the Lord in Israel.” “As on the dark sky when some flashing meteor has swept across it with a path of fire, there remains still after the glory has departed a lingering line of light, so was it with this mighty man, glorious in life, and leaving even after he was gone, the record of his abundant faithfulness still to hold for a season heavenward the too wandering eyes of Israel.”—Bp Wilberforce’s Heroes of Hebrew History, p. 154.

that overlived Joshua] Heb. that prolonged their days after Joshua. Comp. Jdg_2:7, margin.

all the works of the Lord] in the delivery of the nation from Egyptian bondage, their guidance through the desert, and their settlement in the Promised Land.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the bones of Joseph, which the children of Israel brought up out of Egypt,.... At the request, and by the order of Joseph, Gen 50:25; which were punctually observed by the children of Israel under the direction and command of Moses, and therefore is ascribed to him, as here to them, Exo 13:19,

buried they in Shechem; not in the city, but in a field near it, as the next clause shows. The Jews in their Cippi Hebraici say (g), that Joseph was buried at a village called Belata, a sabbath day's journey from Shechem; but Jerom says (h) he was buried in Shechem, and his monument was to be seen there in his time. Not that they buried him at the same time Joshua was buried, but very probably as soon as the tribe of Ephraim was in the quiet possession of this place; though the historian inserts the account of it here, taking an occasion for it from the interment of Joshua:

in a parcel of ground which Jacob bought of the sons of Hamor, the father of Shechem, for an hundred pieces of silver; of which purchase See Gill on Gen 33:19,

and it became the inheritance of the children of Joseph; and particularly of the tribe of Ephraim by lot, agreeably to the gift and disposal of it by Jacob to Joseph; see Gill on Gen 48:22.

(g) Ut supra. (Cippi Heb. p. 32.) (h) Quaest. Heb. in Genesim, fol. 73. C.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Long time; perhaps fifteen years. These ancients kept the people in order by their authority (Calmet) and good example, so great an influence have the manners of superiors upon those of the subjects. (Menochius) --- Regis ad exemplar totus componitur orbis. See 2 Paralipomenon xxiv. 2, 16. After the death of these virtuous rulers, who had been formed in the school of Moses and of Josue, and had beheld the wonders of God, (Haydock) the people began to embrace the worship of Baalim, Judges ii. 11.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

And Israel served the Lord. (cf. Jud_1:2:10) We see here the value of personal influence. Nor is such influence altogether unnecessary among us now. The periods of great religious movements in the Christian Church are in many ways very like to the time of the Israelitish conquest of Palestine by Joshua. They are times when God visibly fights for His Church, when miracles of grace are achieved, when the enemies of God are amazed and confounded at the great things God has done. The successes, so clearly due to the interposition of a Higher Power, have a sobering rather than an intoxicating effect, and the influence of the grave, wise, earnest men at the head of the movement is great with their enthusiastic followers. But with the removal of these leaders in Israel a reaction sets in. The fervour of the movement declines, the era of slackness and compromise succeeds, and a generation arises which "knows not the Lord, nor yet the works which He had done for Israel." In our times such reactions, living as we do in the full blaze of gospel light, are far more transient and less fatal than in the days of Israel. But in our measure we continue to experience the working of that law by which intense energy is apt to be followed by coldness, and every earnest movement for good needs a continual rekindling at the altar of God of the fire which first set it at work. That overlived Joshua. Literally, that lengthened out their days after Joshua.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Scofield Reference Notes

C. I. Scofield

overlived

prolonged their days after.

The Scofield Reference Bible (1917 edition), notes by C. I. Scofield — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

all of Joshua's days

This is an idiom that refers to Joshua's entire life. (See: Idiom)

outlived Joshua

"lived longer than Joshua"

translationWords

Israel

worship

Yahweh

Joshua

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

Lived on after [Lit. they had length of days.] Their days were lengthened but their years were not lengthened for they were punished.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 24 words (14 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼârak (“to be long”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word ʼârak carries the sense “to be long.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. Genesis 26:8 shares the word «to be long» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  3. “all” occurs 3× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  4. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  5. The verb «וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ד» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Tyndale Open Study Notes read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.