Genesis 31:28

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Genesis 31:28 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
Download image
Cite this verse

Genesis 31:28 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/genesis/31/28.

Show BibTeX & RIS
BibTeX
RIS
English Translation
and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 2 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
Full analysis ↓
Download a study sheet

One document with this verse’s original text, its word-by-word gloss line, the meaning frame, cross-references with their text, attributed commentary, and full source and license credits — printable, and it pastes into notes with its structure intact.

This verse Autodidact and up

Study sheet (.html) Plain text (.txt)

A passage Seminary Student

Up to 50 verses in one chapter. A passage sheet keeps up to 6 commentary sources and 12 cross-references per verse, in the order this page ranks them, and says so on the sheet whenever that leaves anything out. Ask for a single verse and you get the Autodidact verse sheet above.

Everything on this page stays free to read, with no account — the sheet is a download of what is already on screen, not access to it.

Want to remove ads? Support Godless Engineer
Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And you did not let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters! Now you have acted foolishly by doing!

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    But you did not even let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters goodbye. Now you have done a foolish thing.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    But you did not even let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters goodbye. Now you have done a foolish thing.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    and didst not suffer me to kiss my sons and my daughters? now hast thou done foolishly.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    and hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? now hast thou done foolishly.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    But thou hast not suffered me to kisse my sonnes and my daughters: nowe thou hast done foolishly in doing so.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Thou hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and daughters: thou hast done foolishly: and now, indeed,
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? -- now thou hast acted foolishly in doing `so';
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and have not permitted me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now you have acted foolishly in doing [so];
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    You did not allow me to kiss my grandsons and my daughters good bye. Now you have done foolishly.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And you did not let me kiss my grandchildren and my daughters! Now you have acted foolishly by doing!
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    and hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now thou hast acted foolishly.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    and didn’t allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now you have done foolishly.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons, and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in so doing.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    You didn't even let me kiss my grandchildren and daughters goodbye! You've really acted stupidly!
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    You did not even let me give a kiss to my sons and my daughters. This was a foolish thing to do.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    and didst not suffer me to kiss my sons and my daughters? now hast thou done foolishly.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →

Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →

הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ
çâkal
H5528
“to be foolish”
Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular
Part of Speech
Verb
Stem
Hiphil
Form
Perfect
Person
2nd Person
Gender
Masculine
Number
Singular
Full BDB Definition

Origin: for H3688

TWOT: 1493

to be foolish, be a fool - (Piel) to make foolish, turn into foolishness - (Niphal) to act or do foolishly - (Hiphil) to do foolishly, play the fool
  1. וְלֹ֣א lôʼ H3808 “and · not” Conjunction + Particle, Negative
  2. נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי nâṭash H5203 “to leave · me” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular + Suffix, Personal, 1st Person, Common, Singular
  3. לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק nâshaq H5401 “to kiss” Preposition + Verb, Piel, Infinitive Construct
  4. לְבָנַ֖י bên H1121 “to/for · sons · my” Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 1st Person, Common, Singular
  5. וְלִבְנֹתָ֑י bath H1323 “and · to/for · daughters · my” Conjunction + Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 1st Person, Common, Singular
  6. עַתָּ֖ה ʻattâh H6258 “now” Adverb
  7. עֲשֽׂוֹ ʻâsâh H6213 “to do” Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8
words
8
distinct lemmas
Pentateuch
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ to be foolish H5528 — appearing just 8 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי to leave H5203
  • הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ to be foolish H5528

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ to be foolish H5528 occurs in 8 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 4 verbs
  • 2 nouns
  • 1 adverb
  • 1 particle

Verb forms

  • נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי Qal · Perfect
  • לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק Piel · Infinitive Construct
  • הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ Hiphil · Perfect
  • עֲשֽׂוֹ Qal · Infinitive Construct

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 19 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 14 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

13

Topical passages linked to Genesis 31:28 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 31:55 Early in the morning, Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them. Laban departed and returned to his place.
  • Ruth 1:14 They lifted up their voice, and wept again: and Orpah kissed her mother-in-law, but Ruth joined with her.
  • 1 Kings 19:20 He left the oxen, and ran after Elijah, and said, Let me, I pray you, kiss my father and my mother, and then I will follow you. He said to him, Go back again; for what have I done to you?
  • Acts 20:37 They all wept a lot, and fell on Paul's neck and kissed him,
  • Genesis 29:13 It happened, when Laban heard the news of Jacob, his sister's son, that he ran to meet Jacob, and embraced him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. Jacob told Laban all these things.
  • Genesis 31:3 Yahweh said to Jacob, "Return to the land of your fathers, and to your relatives, and I will be with you."
  • Genesis 31:13 I am the God of Bethel, where you anointed a pillar, where you vowed a vow to me. Now arise, get out from this land, and return to the land of your birth."
  • Genesis 31:24 God came to Laban, the Syrian, in a dream of the night, and said to him, "Take heed to yourself that you don't speak to Jacob either good or bad."
  • Exodus 4:27 Yahweh said to Aaron, "Go into the wilderness to meet Moses." He went, and met him on God's mountain, and kissed him.
  • Ruth 1:9 Yahweh grant you that you may find rest, each of you in the house of her husband. Then she kissed them, and they lifted up their voice, and wept.
  • 1 Samuel 13:13 Samuel said to Saul, You have done foolishly; you have not kept the commandment of Yahweh your God, which he commanded you: for now would Yahweh have established your kingdom on Israel forever.
  • 2 Chronicles 16:9 For the eyes of Yahweh run back and forth throughout the whole earth, to show himself strong in the behalf of them whose heart is perfect toward him. Herein you have done foolishly; for from henceforth you shall have wars.
  • 1 Corinthians 2:14 Now the natural man doesn't receive the things of God's Spirit, for they are foolishness to him, and he can't know them, because they are spiritually discerned.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 31:28 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְלֹ֣א נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי לְנַשֵּׁ֥ק לְבָנַ֖י וְלִבְנֹתָ֑י עַתָּ֖ה הִסְכַּ֥לְתָּֽ עֲשֽׂוֹ

and didn't allow me to kiss my sons and my daughters? Now have you done foolishly.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 31:28 Septuagint · lemma form

οὐ ἀξιόω καταφιλέω ὁ παιδίον ἐγώ καί ὁ θυγάτηρ ἐγώ νῦν δέ ἀφρόνως πράσσω

And I was not counted worthy to embrace my children and my daughters; now then you have wrought foolishly.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

2

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וְלָא שְׁבַקְתַּנִּי לְנַשָּׁקָא לִבְנַי וְלִבְנָתָי כְּעַן אַסְכֶּלְתָּא לְמֶעְבָּד

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

  2. Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
    וְלָא אַמְתַנְתָּנִי לְנַשְׁקָא לִבְנֵי בְרַתִּי וְלִבְרַתִּי כְּדוֹן אִסְכַּלְתָּ מַה דְעָבַדְתָּ

    Neither hast thou suffered me to kiss the sons of my daughters, nor my daughters. Now hast thou been foolish in what thou hast done.

    Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 31:28 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Gen 31:28 And hast not suffered me to kiss my sons and my daughters? thou hast now done foolishly in [so] doing.

Ver. 28. Thou hast now done foolishly.] And yet he had done no more than God bade him do. Wretched men dare reprehend that which they do not comprehend. But if a wise man speak evil of thee, or to thee, endure him; if a fool, pardon him. Shake off reproaches and hard censures, as Paul did the viper; yea, in a holy scorn, laugh at them, as the wild ass doth at the horse and his rider. "Diotrephes prates against us," saith St John. {3Jn 1:10} In the Greek (φλυαξει) it is, "trifles against us with malicious words." Although his words were malicious, and he a great man, yet all was but trifles to a clear conscience.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(28) My sons.—That is, my grandsons.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

28. sons … daughters] Laban’s grandchildren; cf. Gen_31:43; Gen_31:55.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And now, though thou wouldest needs be gone,.... Or, "in going wouldest go" (i), was determined upon it, and in haste to do it:

because thou sore longedst after thy father's house, or "desiring didst desire it" (k); had a vehement desire for it, which Laban signifies he should not have opposed, if he had let him know his mind: but be it so that he had ever so great desire to leave him and return to his father's house, says he:

yet, wherefore, hast thou stolen my gods? what reason had he for that? if he took away himself, his wives, his children, his goods, what business had he with his gods? he could not claim these as his, meaning the images or teraphim before mentioned, Gen 31:19; by which it appears that Laban was some way or other guilty of idolatry in the use of these images; looking upon them as types, or representations of God, as Josephus (l) calls them, and worshipped God in them, or along with them and by them; for he could never think they were truly and really gods, that could not preserve themselves from being stolen away, and that must be a poor god that a man may be robbed of.

(i) "eundo ivisti", Pagninus, Montanus, Drusius. (k) "desiderando desiderabis", Pagninus, Montanus, Vatablus, Drusius, Piscator. (l) Antiqu. l. 1. c. 19. sect. 9.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

To kiss my sons and my daughters, as was usual at the parting of friends. See Poole on "Gen 29:11". But indeed Jacob took the wisest course for the security of his person and estate, especially having the direction and protection of God in it.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Radak

Rabbi David Kimhi (Radak)

ולא נטשתני לנשק לבני, children and grandchildren are usually referred to as בנים.

עשו. Spelled here with the letter ו, but meaning the same as if it had been written with the letter ה. The word is in the infinitive mode. The word עתה (at this juncture) means that “although, generally speaking you are very clever, now you acted foolishly.”

Radak on the Tanakh — English translations: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash” (CC BY 4.0); “Rabbi Mike Feuer, Jerusalem Anthology” (CC BY 4.0); and “R. David Kimhi on the first book of Psalms, Translated by R.G. Finch, London, 1919” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is çâkal (“to be foolish”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “to be foolish” (çâkal) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. 2 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  3. 1 Samuel 13:13 shares the word «to be foolish» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  4. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  5. The verb «נְטַשְׁתַּ֔נִי» is Qal Perfect. How does its form color the action?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

Reading settings

Reading text

Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.