2 Kings 24:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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יְהוֹיָקִֽים

Yᵉhôwyâqîym

H3079

“Jehoiakim”

Noun, Proper

Appears 37× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at 2 Kings 23:34

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H3068 abbreviated and H6965 , cf. H3113

TWOT: None

Jehoiakim = "Jehovah raises up" - son of Josiah and the third from the last king of Judah; subject vassel of Nebuchadnezzar who reigned for 11 years before he died a violent death either in combat or by the hands of his own subjects

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
7: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

יְהוֹיָקִֽים Jehoiakim H3079 occurs in 37 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

2 verbs
4 nouns
1 adjective
1 particle

Verb forms

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
עָשָׂ֖ה Qal · Perfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ to do H6213 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 18 words from the Hebrew and 19 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 11 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Kings 24:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

2 Kings 23:37 He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, according to all that his fathers had done.
2 Chronicles 36:12 and he did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God; he didn't humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of Yahweh.
Jeremiah 24:8 As the bad figs, which can't be eaten, they are so bad, surely thus says Yahweh, So will I give up Zedekiah the king of Judah, and his princes, and the residue of Jerusalem, who remain in this land, and those who dwell in the land of Egypt,
Jeremiah 37:1–21 Zedekiah the son of Josiah reigned as king, instead of Coniah the son of Jehoiakim, whom Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon made king in the land of Judah.
Ezekiel 21:25 You, deadly wounded wicked one, the prince of Israel, whose day is come, in the time of the iniquity of the end,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Kings 24:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֖ה יְהוֹיָקִֽים

He did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Kings 24:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ποιέω ὁ πονηρός ἐνώπιον κύριος κατά πᾶς ὅσος ποιέω ιωακιμ

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that Joachim did.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

וַעֲבַד דְבִישׁ קֳדָם יְיָ כְּכֹל דַעֲבַד יְהוֹיָקִים:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Kings 24:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Ki 24:19 And he did [that which was] evil in the sight of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done.

Ver. 19. And he did that which was evil.] Breaking covenant both with God, {Jer 34:17} and with men. {Eze 17:18-19}

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 19. He did - evil] How astonishing is this! not one of them takes warning by the judgments of God, which fell on their sinful predecessors.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

THE REIGN OF ZEDEKIAH, the last KING OF JUDAH (2Ki_24:17 to 2Ki_25:7; comp. 2Ch_36:11 seq.; Jeremiah 52).

This section and the parallel in Jeremiah appear to have been derived from the same historical work. The text of Jeremiah is generally, though not always, the best.

(19) And he did that which was evil . . .—The evidence of the prophet Jeremiah should be compared with this statement. (See especially Jer_24:8; Jer_37:1-2; Jer_38:5, and Comp. Note on 2Ch_36:13.) The contemporary state of religion is vividly reflected in the pages of Ezekiel (2Kings viii—11); who, moreover, denounces Zedekiah’s breach of faith with the king of Babylon (Eze_17:11-21).

According to all that Jehoiakim . . .—He is not compared with Jehoiachin, who only reigned three months.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. according to all that Jehoiakim had done] For Jehoiakim’s character, see above on verse 5.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

He did that which was evil - The character of Zedekiah seems to have been weak rather than wicked. Consult Jer. 34; 37: His chief recorded sins were:

(1) his refusal to be guided in his political conduct by Jeremiah’s counsels, while nevertheless he admitted him to be a true Yahweh-prophet; and

(2) his infraction of the allegiance which he had sworn to Nebuchadnezzar.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Done. He was not deterred by his punishment, nor by the admonition of Jeremias, xxxvii. 2., and 2 Paralipomenon xxxvi. 12. The prophet informs us, that the priests and people defiled the temple of God. See Ezechiel viii., &c. (Calmet)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

ZEDEKIAH’S REIGN, 2Ki_24:18 to 2Ki_25:7.

In the fifty-second chapter of Jeremiah we have a duplicate history so nearly identical with the close of this book of Kings from this verse, as to show that both narratives proceeded from one original source. Compare also Jer_39:1-10. Of the authorship precisely the same thing is to be said as of the history of Hezekiah which is given in 2Ki_18:13 to 2Ki_20:21, and Isaiah 36-39. See note introductory to 2Ki_18:13.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

And he did that which was evil in the sight of the Lord, according to all that Jehoiakim had done. Keil says, "His attitude towards the Lord exactly resembled that of his brother Jehoiakim, except that Zedekiah does not appear to have possessed so much energy for that which was evil." He allowed the people to continue their "pollutions" and" abominations". (2Ch_36:14) He let the "princes" have their way, and do whatever they pleased, (Jer_38:5) contenting himself with sometimes outwitting them, and counteracting their proceeding. (Jer_38:14-28) He fell into the old error of "putting trust in Egypt", (Jer_37:5-7) and made an alliance with Apries (Pharaoh-Hophra), which was an act of rebellion, at once against God and against his Babylonian suzerain. He was, upon the whole, rather weak than wicked; but his weakness was as ruinous to his country as active wickedness would have been.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Kings, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Yᵉhôwyâqîym (“Jehoiakim”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Jehoiakim” (Yᵉhôwyâqîym) contribute to the verse as a whole?
2 Kings 23:34 shares the word «Jehoiakim» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“to do” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
The verb «וַיַּ֥עַשׂ» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 11 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 7 words in this verse.
“to do” occurs 2× in this single verse.
7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.