אֶזְרָח
native
‘native’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 14 times (82%)
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct 3 times (18%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 17 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H249 appears — 17 distinct verses across 6 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Exodus 3 verses
- Exodus 12:19 וּ/בְ/אֶזְרַ֥ח conj + prep + n c ms cs Seven days shall there be no yeast found in your houses, for whoever eats that which is leavened, that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a foreigner, or one who is born in the land.
- Exodus 12:48 כְּ/אֶזְרַ֣ח prep + n c ms cs When a stranger shall live as a foreigner with you, and will keep the Passover to Yahweh, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one who is born in the land: but no uncircumcised person shall eat of it.
- Exodus 12:49 לָֽ/אֶזְרָ֑ח prep det + n c ms One law shall be to him who is born at home, and to the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you."
Leviticus 7 verses
- Leviticus 16:29 הָֽ/אֶזְרָ֔ח ptcl def.art + n c ms "It shall be a statute to you forever: in the seventh month, on the tenth day of the month, you shall afflict your souls, and shall do no manner of work, the native-born, or the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you:
- Leviticus 17:15 בָּ/אֶזְרָ֖ח prep det + n c ms "'Every person that eats what dies of itself, or that which is torn by animals, whether he is native-born or a foreigner, he shall wash his clothes, and bathe himself in water, and be unclean until the evening: then he shall be clean.
- Leviticus 18:26 הָֽ/אֶזְרָ֔ח ptcl def.art + n c ms You therefore shall keep my statutes and my ordinances, and shall not do any of these abominations; neither the native-born, nor the stranger who lives as a foreigner among you;
- Leviticus 19:34 כְּ/אֶזְרָ֣ח prep + n c ms The stranger who lives as a foreigner with you shall be to you as the native-born among you, and you shall love him as yourself; for you lived as foreigners in the land of Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.
- Leviticus 23:42 הָֽ/אֶזְרָח֙ ptcl def.art + n c ms You shall dwell in booths seven days. All who are native-born in Israel shall dwell in booths,
- Leviticus 24:16 כָּֽ/אֶזְרָ֔ח prep det + n c ms He who blasphemes the name of Yahweh, he shall surely be put to death; all the congregation shall certainly stone him: the foreigner as well as the native-born, when he blasphemes the Name, shall be put to death.
- Leviticus 24:22 כָּ/אֶזְרָ֖ח prep det + n c ms You shall have one kind of law, for the foreigner as well as the native-born: for I am Yahweh your God.'"
Numbers 4 verses
- Numbers 9:14 וּ/לְ/אֶזְרַ֥ח conj + prep + n c ms cs If a foreigner lives among you, and desires to keep the Passover to Yahweh; according to the statute of the Passover, and according to its ordinance, so shall he do. You shall have one statute, both for the foreigner, and for him who is born in the land.'"
- Numbers 15:13 הָ/אֶזְרָ֥ח ptcl def.art + n c ms All who are home-born shall do these things after this manner, in offering an offering made by fire, of a sweet savor to Yahweh.
- Numbers 15:29 הָֽ/אֶזְרָח֙ ptcl def.art + n c ms You shall have one law for him who does anything unwittingly, for him who is home-born among the children of Israel, and for the stranger who lives as a foreigner among them.
- Numbers 15:30 הָֽ/אֶזְרָח֙ ptcl def.art + n c ms But the soul who does anything with a high hand, whether he is home-born or a foreigner, the same blasphemes Yahweh; and that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
Joshua 1 verse
Psalms 1 verse
Ezekiel 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew noun אזרח centers on the idea of “native.” Its earliest occurrence is Exodus 12:19. Spanning 17 verses in 6 books, it ranks among the uncommon words of the Hebrew Bible. Leviticus dominates its distribution — 7 of 17 verses. Lexicons map it across 3 senses. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H249 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 17
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 17 distinct verses.
- 6 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 6 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #1,671
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 1,671 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 17 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 17 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 14 verses · 82%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 2 verses · 12%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 6%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: All that are born of the country 1×, All whether it be one of your own country 1×, Any of your own nation 1×
- American Standard Version: Home-born 3×, All that are home-born 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Native-born 4×, Native 3×, Or native 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Native 6×, Native born 5×, As 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H249 across 18 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus other, less common renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H249 across 18 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 13 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H249 across 17 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H249 across 22 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 9 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 3 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- a native (one rising from the soil)
- of man, native Israelites
- of tree, native (to Israel)
Word origin
אֶזְרָח n.m. a native ( one arising from the soil = ‘free tribesman’)
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from זרח (zârach) (H2224) — to rise.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
אֶזְרָח
- [planted], native, citizen. Succ. 28ᵃ א׳ זה א׳ if it read ezraḥ (Lev. XXIII, 42), it would mean every native (man or woman); a. fr.—Pl. אֶזְרָחִים. Sifra Emor, end.—Fem. אֶזְרָחִית, pl. אֶזְרָחִיּות. Succ. l. c. e.g. Leviticus 23:42
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 13 distinct written forms H249 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| הָֽ/אֶזְרָח֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Leviticus 23:42 | 3 |
| הָֽ/אֶזְרָ֔ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Leviticus 16:29 | 2 |
| כָּֽ/אֶזְרָ֔ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Joshua 8:33 | 2 |
| בָּ/אֶזְרָ֖ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Leviticus 17:15 | 1 |
| הָ/אֶזְרָ֥ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Numbers 15:13 | 1 |
| וּ/בְ/אֶזְרַ֥ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Exodus 12:19 | 1 |
| וּ/לְ/אֶזְרַ֥ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Numbers 9:14 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶזְרַ֣ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Exodus 12:48 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶזְרָ֣ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Leviticus 19:34 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶזְרָ֥ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 37:35 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶזְרָח֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 47:22 | 1 |
| כָּ/אֶזְרָ֖ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Leviticus 24:22 | 1 |
| לָֽ/אֶזְרָ֑ח | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Exodus 12:49 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H249, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 15 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 17 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
