Job 39:8

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Job 39:8 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Job 39:8 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/job/39/8.

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English Translation
The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 2 hapax legomena — only here in the Hebrew Bible
  • 2 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    It ranges the mountains its pasture, and it seeks after every green thing.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    He roams the mountains for pasture, searching for any green thing.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    He roams the mountains for pasture, searching for any green thing.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, And he searcheth after every green thing.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Who hath set the wilde asse at libertie? or who hath loosed the bondes of the wilde asse?
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    He looketh round about the mountains of his pasture, and seeketh for every green thing.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    The range of mountains `is' his pasture, And after every green thing he seeketh.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    The range of mountains [is] his pasture, || And he seeks after every green thing.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    He roams over the mountains as his pastures; there he looks for every green plant to eat.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    It ranges the mountains its pasture, and it seeks after every green thing.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture. He searches after every green thing.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    \\39:5\\Who hath sent out the wild ass free? or who hath loosed the bands of the wild ass?
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    It hunts in the mountains for pastureland, searching for all kinds of green plants to eat.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    Who has let the ass of the fields go free? or made loose the bands of the loud-voiced beast?
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    The range of the mountains is his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7
words
7
distinct lemmas
Wisdom
section

Notable vocabulary

2 hapax legomena — words that appear only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • יְת֣וּר to remain H3491
  • יָר֣וֹק green plants H3387

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • יְת֣וּר to remain H3491
  • יָר֣וֹק green plants H3387

Shared distinctive vocabulary

מִרְעֵ֑הוּ pasture H4829 occurs in 11 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 4 nouns
  • 1 preposition

Verb forms

  • יְת֣וּר Qal · Imperfect
  • יִדְרֽוֹשׁ Qal · Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 14 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 7 Hebrew tokens and 9 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

5

Topical passages linked to Job 39:8 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Psalms 104:27–28 These all wait for you, That you may give them their food in due season.
  • Psalms 145:15–16 The eyes of all wait for you. You give them their food in due season.
  • Genesis 1:29–30 God said, "Behold, I have given you every herb yielding seed, which is on the surface of all the earth, and every tree, which bears fruit yielding seed. It will be your food.
  • Job 40:15 "See now, behemoth, which I made as well as you. He eats grass as an ox.
  • Job 40:20–22 Surely the mountains bring him forth food, Where all the animals of the field do play.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Job 39:8 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

יְת֣וּר הָרִ֣ים מִרְעֵ֑הוּ וְאַחַ֖ר כָּל יָר֣וֹק יִדְרֽוֹשׁ

The range of the mountains is his pasture, He searches after every green thing.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Job 39:8 Septuagint · lemma form

κατασκέπτομαι ὄρος νομή αὐτός καί ὀπίσω πᾶς χλωρός ζητέω

He will survey the mountains as his pasture, and he seeks after every green thing.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Job 39:8 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Job 39:8 The range of the mountains [is] his pasture, and he searcheth after every green thing.

Ver. 8. The range of the mountains is his pasture] There he keeps, probably, for fear of lions and other fierce creatures; and there he finds food and forage, such as doth not only appease his hunger, but excite his appetite; as if he were in some fat pasture.

And he searcheth out every green thing] Speeding better in his search than those asses of Hetruria, which, feeding upon green hemlock, are thereby laid for dead for three days; till half hileded by the countrymen, who take them for dead, they start up, and with a horrible noise run away in that pickle.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

The range--literally, "searching," "that which it finds by searching is his pasture."

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 8. The range of the mountains] The mountains and desert places are his peculiar places of pasture; and he lives on any thing that is green, or any kind of vegetable production.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Gill's Exposition

The range of the mountains is his pasture,.... It ranges about the mountains for food; it looks about for it, as the word signifies, and tries first one place and then another to get some, it having short commons there;

and he searcheth after every green thing; herb or plant, be it what it will that is green, it seeks after; and which being scarce in deserts and mountains, it searches about for and feeds upon it, wherever it can find it; grass being the peculiar food of these creatures, see Job 6:5; and which is observed by naturalists (x).

(x) Oppiani Cyneget. l. 3.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The range of the mountains is his pasture - The word rendered “range” יתור yâthûr, means properly a “searching out,” and then that which is obtained by search. The word “range” expresses the idea with sufficient exactness. The usual range of the wild ass is the mountains. Pallas, who has given a full description of the habits of the Onager, or wild ass, states, that it, especially loves desolate hills as its abode. “Acts of the Society of Sciences of Petersburg,” for the year 1777.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The range of the mountains; that which he searcheth out or findeth in the mountains. He prefers that mean provision and hardship with his freedom, before the fattest pastures with servitude. Why so weak and harmless a creature as the wild ass should be untamable, when the most savage lions and tigers have been tamed, and how there comes to be so vast a difference between the tame and the wild ass, thou canst give no reason, but must refer it wholly to my good pleasure; to which also thou shouldst upon the same grounds refer all the various methods of my providence and dealings with thee, and with other men, and not so boldly censure what thou dost not understand.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

8. Range of the mountains — יתור, rendered “range,” if a verbal noun may mean “that which is seen,” (on the mountain:) so Delitzsch and Umbreit. If a verb, it signifies, “He spies through the mountain,” as his pasturage. (Dillmann.) The celebrated naturalist Pallas observes that the wild ass is particularly fond of bare mountains. Thus closes a beautiful picture of the wondrous ranger of mountain and waste, who scorns the clamour of the city, and laughs at the driver with his long line of subject beasts. No wonder that the wild ass should stand as the type of sovereignty, and that kings, as Umbreit has shown, should not disdain to add his name to their own.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

The range of the mountains is his pasture. By "mountains" we must here understand rocky ranges like the Sinjar and the mountains of Beloochistan, or again those of the Sinaitic peninsula. Wild asses do not frequent the regions which we commonly call mountainous. And he searcheth after every green thing; i.e. he seeks out the small patches of pasture which are to be found in such rocky regions.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Mountains - He prefers that mean provision with his freedom, before the fattest pastures with servitude.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

He spies out the mountains for his pasture He personally spies out for himself a place of pasture.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Job, in the Wisdom, opens this verse with 7 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is yâthûwr (“to remain”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word yâthûwr carries the sense “to remain.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. 2 words here appear nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. Why might the author reach for such rare wording?
  3. 2 words make their first appearance in Scripture here. What does this debut establish?
  4. How does Genesis 47:4, which shares the word «pasture», read alongside this verse?
  5. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  6. «יְת֣וּר» is a Qal Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

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