Ezekiel 23:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Ezekiel 23:19 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Ezekiel 23:19 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/ezekiel/23/19.

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English Translation
Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then she increased her prostitution as she remembered the days of her youth, when she was a prostitute in the land of Egypt.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her promiscuity, remembering the days of her youth, when she had prostituted herself in the land of Egypt
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her promiscuity, remembering the days of her youth, when she had prostituted herself in the land of Egypt
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, remembering the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, remembering the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Yet she encreased her whoredome more, and called to remembrance ye dayes of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    For she multiplied her fornications, remembering the days of her youth, in which she played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And she multiplieth her whoredoms, To remember the days of her youth, When she went a-whoring in the land of Egypt.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And she multiplies her whoredoms, || To remember the days of her youth, || When she went whoring in the land of Egypt.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then she increased her prostitution as she remembered the days of her youth, when she was a prostitute in the land of Egypt.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Then she increased her prostitution as she remembered the days of her youth, when she was a prostitute in the land of Egypt.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she played the harlot in the land of Egypt;
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her prostitutions, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, in which she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    But she practiced even more prostitution, remembering how she'd been a prostitute in Egypt when she was young.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    But still she went on the more with her loose behaviour, keeping in mind the early days when she had been a loose woman in the land of Egypt.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    Yet she multiplied her harlotries, remembering the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ
taznûwth
H8457
“fornications · her”
Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
Part of Speech
Noun
Type
Common
Gender
Feminine
Number
Plural
State
Construct
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H2181

TWOT: 563c

fornication, harlotry
  1. וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה râbâh H7235 “and · to multiply” Conjunction + Verb, Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
  2. אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  3. לִזְכֹּר֙ zâkar H2142 “to remember” Preposition + Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct
  4. אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
  5. יְמֵ֣י yôwm H3117 “days of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  6. נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ nâʻûwr H5271 “youth · her” Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
  7. אֲשֶׁ֥ר ʼăsher H834 “which” Particle, Relative
  8. זָנְתָ֖ה zânâh H2181 “to commit fornication” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Feminine, Singular
  9. בְּאֶ֥רֶץ ʼerets H776 “in/at · land of” Preposition + Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Construct
  10. מִצְרָֽיִם Mitsrayim H4714 “Egypt” Noun, Proper

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

11
words
10
distinct lemmas
Prophets
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ fornication H8457 — appearing just 22 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ fornication H8457 occurs in 19 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 3 verbs
  • 5 nouns
  • 3 particles

Verb forms

  • וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה Hiphil · Sequential Imperfect
  • לִזְכֹּר֙ Qal · Infinitive Construct
  • זָנְתָ֖ה Qal · Perfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 23 words from the Hebrew and 24 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 11 Hebrew tokens and 15 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

10

Topical passages linked to Ezekiel 23:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Ezekiel 23:3 and they played the prostitute in Egypt; they played the prostitute in their youth; there were their breasts pressed, and there was handled the bosom of their virginity.
  • Ezekiel 16:22 In all your abominations and your prostitution you have not remembered the days of your youth, when you were naked and bare, and was weltering in your blood.
  • Ezekiel 16:25 You have built your lofty place at the head of every way, and have made your beauty an abomination, and have opened your feet to everyone who passed by, and multiplied your prostitution.
  • Ezekiel 16:29 You have moreover multiplied your prostitution to the land of merchants, to Chaldea; and yet you weren't satisfied with this.
  • Ezekiel 16:51 Neither has Samaria committed half of your sins; but you have multiplied your abominations more than they, and have justified your sisters by all your abominations which you have done.
  • Ezekiel 20:7 I said to them, Cast you away every man the abominations of his eyes, and don't defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt; I am Yahweh your God.
  • Ezekiel 23:8 Neither has she left her prostitution since [the days of] Egypt; for in her youth they lay with her, and they handled the bosom of her virginity; and they poured out their prostitution on her.
  • Ezekiel 23:14 She increased her prostitution; for she saw men portrayed on the wall, the images of the Chaldeans portrayed with vermilion,
  • Ezekiel 23:21 Thus you called to memory the lewdness of your youth, in the handling of your bosom by the Egyptians for the breasts of your youth.
  • Amos 4:4 "Go to Bethel, and sin; To Gilgal, and sin more. Bring your sacrifices every morning, Your tithes every three days,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ezekiel 23:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָנְתָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם

Yet she multiplied her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth, in which she had played the prostitute in the land of Egypt.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ezekiel 23:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί πληθύνω ὁ πορνεία σύ ὁ ἀναμιμνήσκω ἡμέρα νεότης σύ ἐν ὅς πορνεύω ἐν αἴγυπτος

And you did multiply your fornication, so as to call to remembrance the days of your youth, wherein you did commit whoredom in Egypt,

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וְאַסְגִיאַת יַת טַעֲוָתָהּ לְאַדְכָּרָא יַת יוֹמִין דְמִלְקָדְמִין דִטְעַת בְּהוֹן כַּד הֲוַת בְּאַרְעָא דְמִצְרַיִם:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Ezekiel 23:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Eze 23:19 Yet she multiplied her whoredoms, in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt.

Ver. 19. In calling to mind the sins of her youth.] This was to recommit them, because she remembered them with delight. It argueth an unmortified frame when recalling former evil acts proveth a snare.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

23:19-20 When the people of Jerusalem thought of Egypt, they did not remember the Lord’s deliverance through the Exodus, but the forbidden pleasures they had enjoyed there.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

Israel first "called" her lusts, practised when in Egypt, "to her (fond) remembrance," and then actually returned to them. Mark the danger of suffering the memory to dwell on the pleasure felt in past sins.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. Judah being situated between the two great empires of Babylon and Egypt and coveted by both, was naturally a hotbed of intrigue by partizans on both sides. The influence of the Egyptian party was great even in the Assyrian age (Isaiah 30-31), and the imposing and pretentious power of the Nile valley continued to delude the politicians of Judah throughout the period of Chaldean supremacy (ch. 29–32; Jer_2:18; Jer_37:5 seq.; Lam_4:17).

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Yet she multiplied her whoredoms,.... Though the Lord frowned upon the Jews in the times of Jehoiakim and Zedekiah, yet still they went on, and increased their alliances and idolatries with the Heathen nations:

in calling to remembrance the days of her youth, wherein she had played the harlot in the land of Egypt; they called to mind with pleasure the idolatries of their fathers in Egypt, and committed the same themselves; they sent ambassadors to Egypt, in the times of Zedekiah, for help and assistance, and to enter into alliance with them, when they renewed among them the idolatries of that nation; see Eze 17:15.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Egypt - The kings of Judah played alternately Egypt against Babylon, and Babylon against Egypt. Jehoahaz was displaced by Necho for Jehoiakim, who then turned to the Chaldaeans, and afterward rebelling sought aid from Egypt. So Zedekiah was continually meditating help from Egypt, against which Jeremiah and Ezekiel were continually protesting.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Remembering, or "causing to be remembered" by God, who seemed to have forgotten those ancient scenes of wickedness, chap. xxi. 24.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Yet, Heb. And.

Multiplied; added more and greater to her former sins of idolatry and whoredoms, and persisted in them.

In calling to remembrance: this may refer either to the Jewish nation remembering their idolatries in Egypt, their alliances with and reliance upon it in days past, which she now resolves to act over again; or it may refer to God, who, by these continued courses of Judah’s lewdness is provoked to remember and punish old perfidious and idolatrous practices.

The days of her youth: see Eze 23:3.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

19. Yet she multiplied her whoredoms — She was not true to her new Babylonian paramour, nor did she return to her rightful husband, but ever courted other foreign alliances, especially with Egypt. (See Eze_16:32; Isaiah 30, 31.) Calling to remembrance the days of her youth — See notes Eze_5:3. It is only natural that during the centuries which Israel spent in Egypt she should have been impressed with the rich and splendid ritual. A new light has been thrown upon the worship of the golden calf in the wilderness by the discovery of an Egyptian text which states that a silver calf of six hundred pounds weight was yearly offered to the great god of Pithom — the city which the Israelites built (Exo_1:11), and which was situated on the edge of the land of Goshen, where they lived.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Yet she multiplied her whoredoms. The disappointment and failure, however, did not lead to repentance. Foreign alliances, and with them foreign idolatries, were courted more eagerly than ever, though in a different direction. The lovers were changed, but the harlotry went on.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

By - Remembering her idolatries in Egypt, her alliance with it in days past, which she now resolved to act over again.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

to remember the days of her youth The desire for the Egyptians rose in her heart, for Zedekiah sent to them, as it is said (above 17:15): “But he rebelled against him by sending to Egypt.”

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ezekiel, in the Prophets, opens this verse with 11 words (10 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is taznûwth (“fornication”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “fornication” (taznûwth) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. Ezekiel 16:15 shares the word «fornication» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  3. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  4. The verb «וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה» is Hiphil Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
  5. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Tyndale Open Study Notes read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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