2 Kings 8:23

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

The rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

World English Bible · Public Domain

Download a study sheet

One document with this verse’s original text, its word-by-word gloss line, the meaning frame, cross-references with their text, attributed commentary, and full source and license credits — printable, and it pastes into notes with its structure intact.

This verse Autodidact and up

Study sheet (.html) Plain text (.txt)

A passage Seminary Student

Up to 50 verses in one chapter. A passage sheet keeps up to 6 commentary sources and 12 cross-references per verse, in the order this page ranks them, and says so on the sheet whenever that leaves anything out. Ask for a single verse and you get the Autodidact verse sheet above.

Everything on this page stays free to read, with no account — the sheet is a download of what is already on screen, not access to it.

Want to remove ads? Support Godless Engineer

Word by word

More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →

Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →

יוֹרָ֖ם

Yôwrâm

H3141

“Joram”

Noun, Proper

Appears 20× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at 2 Samuel 8:10

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a form of H3088

TWOT: None

Joram = "Jehovah is exalted" - son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and himself king of Judah for 8 years; his wife was the wicked Athaliah who was probably the instigator for his returning the nation of Judah to the worship of Baal - son of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel and king of Israel himself for 12 years; he was murdered by Jehu on the plot of land for which his father had murdered Naboth thus fulfilling the prophecy of Elijah to the very letter - a Levite in the time of David and an ancestor of Shelomith - son of Toi, king of Hamath

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

15: words
14: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is יוֹרָ֖ם Joram H3141 — appearing just 20 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

יוֹרָ֖ם Joram H3141 occurs in 16 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

2 verbs
9 nouns
1 pronoun
1 preposition
2 particles

Verb forms

עָשָׂ֑ה Qal · Perfect
כְּתוּבִ֗ים Qal · Participle Passive

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

דִּבְרֵ֥י word H1697 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 26 words from the Hebrew and 29 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 15 Hebrew tokens and 22 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Kings 8:23 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

1 Kings 11:41 Now the rest of the acts of Solomon, and all that he did, and his wisdom, aren't they written in the book of the acts of Solomon?
1 Kings 14:29 Now the rest of the acts of Rehoboam, and all that he did, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
1 Kings 15:23 Now the rest of all the acts of Asa, and all his might, and all that he did, and the cities which he built, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? But in the time of his old age he was diseased in his feet.
2 Kings 15:6 Now the rest of the acts of Azariah, and all that he did, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
2 Kings 15:36 Now the rest of the acts of Jotham, and all that he did, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?
2 Chronicles 21:11–20 Moreover he made high places in the mountains of Judah, and made the inhabitants of Jerusalem to play the prostitute, and led Judah astray.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Kings 8:23 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְיֶ֛תֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י יוֹרָ֖ם וְכָל אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֑ה הֲלֽוֹא הֵ֣ם כְּתוּבִ֗ים עַל סֵ֛פֶר דִּבְרֵ֥י הַיָּמִ֖ים לְמַלְכֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה

The rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, aren't they written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Kings 8:23 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ λοιπός ὁ λόγος ιωραμ καί πᾶς ὅσος ποιέω οὐ ἰδού οὗτος γράφω ἐπί βιβλίον λόγος ὁ ἡμέρα ὁ βασιλεύς ιουδα

And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, behold, are not these written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Juda?

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

וּשְׁאַר פִּתְגָמֵי יוֹרָם וְכָל דַעֲבַד הֲלָא אִינוּן כְּתִיבִין עַל סִפְרָא פִּתְגָמֵי יוֹמַיָא לְמַלְכֵי דְבֵית יְהוּדָה:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Kings 8:23 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Ki 8:23 And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, [are] they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah?

Ver. 23. Are they not written?] See 1Ki 11:41.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 23. Are they not written in the book of the chronicles] Several remarkable particulars relative to Joram may be found in 2 Chron. 21.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) The rest of the acts.—Or, history. (See especially 2Ch_21:11-19, and the Notes there.)

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

23. the rest of the acts of Joram] In Chronicles we are told of the high places which he made in the mountains of Judah, and how he compelled the people to worship there. In consequence of this a writing is said to have come to him from Elijah the prophet rebuking him for his evil doing, and telling of the painful disease by which he should die. We read there also of revolts against Joram by the Philistines and the Arabians, and that by the latter all the king’s family were cut off except his youngest son. Moreover that when he died the people made no burning for him, as had been done at the death of his ancestors, and that ‘he departed without being desired’, i.e. none missed him or lamented for him when he died. Also that though buried in the city of David, his body was not put into the sepulchres of the kings. This last statement is no contradiction of what is contained in verse 24 of this chapter.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And the rest of the acts of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Not in the canonical book of Chronicles, though some of his acts are recorded there, see Ch2 21:1 but in the annals of the kings of Judah, written by persons appointed for that purpose.

but in the annals of the kings of Judah, written by persons appointed for that purpose.

2 Kings 8:24

kg2 8:24

kg2 8:24

kg2 8:24And Joram slept with his fathers,.... Died as they did:

and was buried with his fathers in the city of David; but not in the sepulchres of the kings, and without any funeral pomp, and without any mourning and lamentation for him, he being not beloved, and his life not at all desirable, Ch2 21:19,

and Ahaziah his son reigned in his stead; of whom more is said in the following verses.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

of which See Poole "1Ki 14:19".

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

And the rest of the sets of Joram, and all that he did, are they not written in the book of the chronicles of the kings of Judah? Some of these acts are recorded in our present Second Book of Chronicles; e.g. his execution of his brothers and of many nobles; (2Ch_21:4) his erection of high places; (2Ch_21:11) his persecution of the followers of Jehovah; (2Ch_21:11) his reception of a writing from Elisha, which, however, had no effect upon his conduct; (2Ch_21:12-15) his war with the Philistines (2Ch_21:16) and with the Arabs; (2Ch_21:16) his loss of all his sons but one during his lifetime; his long illness, and his painful death. (2Ch_21:18, 2Ch_21:19) But the "Book of the Chronicles of the Kings of Judah" was a work on a larger scale than the extant Book of Chronicles, and probably went into much greater detail.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

According to Ch2 21:18., Joram died of a terrible disease, in which his bowels fell out, and was buried in the city of David, though not in the family sepulchre of the kings.

(Note: "The building of Carthage, Dido, her husband Sichaeus, her brother Pygmalion king of Tyre (scelere ante alios immanior omnes), all coincide with the reign of Joram. This synchronism of the history of Tyre is not without significance here. The Tyrian, Israelitish, and Judaean histories are closely connected at this time. Jezebel, a Tyrian princess, was Ahab's wife, and again her daughter Athaliah was the wife of Joram, and after his death the murderess of the heirs of the kingdom, and sole occupant of the throne. Tyre, through these marriages, introduced its own spirit and great calamity into both the Israelitish kingdoms." - J. D. Michaelis on Kg2 8:24.)

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Kings, in the Historical, opens this verse with 15 words (14 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Yôwrâm (“Joram”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Joram” (Yôwrâm) contribute to the verse as a whole?
How does 2 Samuel 8:10, which shares the word «Joram», read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “word” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
«עָשָׂ֑ה» is a Qal Perfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Adam Clarke's Commentary read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 15 Hebrew ↔ 22 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
“word” occurs 2× in this single verse.
14 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 15 words in this verse.