2 Kings 14:12

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to his tent.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף

nâgaph

H5062

“and · to strike”

Conjunction + Verb, Niphal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular

Appears 49× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Exodus 8:2

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 1294

to strike, smite - (Qal) to strike, smite - (Niphal) to be stricken, be smitten - (Hithpael) to stumble

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
7: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף to strike H5062 occurs in 46 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

2 verbs
6 nouns

Verb forms

וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף Niphal · Sequential Imperfect
וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

לאהלו tent H168 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 13 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 13 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Kings 14:12 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

2 Samuel 18:17 They took Absalom, and cast him into the great pit in the forest, and raised over him a very great heap of stones: and all Israel fled everyone to his tent.
1 Samuel 4:10 The Philistines fought, and Israel was struck, and they fled every man to his tent: and there was a very great slaughter; for there fell of Israel thirty thousand footmen.
1 Kings 22:36 There went a cry throughout the host about the going down of the sun, saying, Every man to his city, and every man to his country.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Kings 14:12 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף יְהוּדָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ אִ֥ישׁ לאהלו לְאֹהָלָֽיו

Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to his tent.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Kings 14:12 Septuagint · lemma form

καί πταίω ἰούδας ἀπό πρόσωπον ἰσραήλ καί φεύγω ἀνήρ εἰς ὁ σκήνωμα αὐτός

And Juda was overthrown before Israel, and every man fled to his tent.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

וְאִתְבָּרוּ אֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה קֳדָם יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאַפִּיכוּ גְבַר לְקִירְווֹהִי:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Kings 14:12 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Ki 14:12 And Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to their tents.

Ver. 12. And Judah was put to the worse; and they fled.] Josephus saith that before the fight they began to flee away; and so the king was taken by the enemy, who threatened presently to put him to a cruel death, unless he would cause the citizens of Jerusalem to open their gates and leave all to his mercy. Others think that he battered down the wall four hundred cubits, and took the city by force.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(12) To their tents.—Hebrew text, to his tent; so the LXX. and Syriac. Hebrew margin, to his tents; so Vulg., and Targum, and Chronicles. The meaning is that the enemy disbanded, as usually after a great defeat. (Comp. 2Ki_8:21.)

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

12. every man to their tents] See above on 2Ki_13:5.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And he took all the gold and silver, and all the vessels that were found in the house of the Lord,.... In Ch2 25:24 it is added, "with Obededom", who, and his family, had the care of them by lot, see Ch1 26:15.

and in the treasures of the king's house; which were also spoiled and plundered:

and hostages; either such as the king of Judah had taken from Edom, as pledges of their fidelity, that they might not rebel; or which the king of Israel took of Judah, even sons of the princes, as the Targum, for security, that they would give him no more trouble:

and returned to Samaria; without attempting to bring the kingdom of Judah into subjection to him, which he might suppose he could not hold, and having enough to do with the Syrians, his avowed enemies.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

The author of Chronicles notes that Amaziah’s obstinacy, and his consequent defeat and captivity, were judgments upon him for an idolatry into which he had fallen after his conquest of Edom 2Ch 25:14, 2Ch 25:20.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Being unsatisfied in the ground and manner of the quarrel, and discouraged by their king’s idolatry, and smitten by God with a spirit of fear.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

12. Judah was put to the worse — ינגŠis better rendered by, was smitten, as in the margin. Judah was utterly defeated.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

And Judah was put to the worse before Israel; and they fled every man to their tents; i.e. "to their homes". (see the comment on 2Ki_13:5) This was the first trial of strength between the two nations of which we have any distinct account. It resulted in the complete discomfiture of Israel. There was another great struggle in the time of Pekah and Ahaz, wherein Judah suffered even more severely. (see 2Ch_28:6-8)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Tents - Josephus says, when they were to engage, they were struck with such a terror, that they did not strike a stroke, but every man made the best of his way.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Kings, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is nâgaph (“to strike”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “to strike” (nâgaph) contribute to the verse as a whole?
Exodus 8:2 shares the word «to strike» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“tent” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
The verb «וַיִּנָּ֥גֶף» is Niphal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 13 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 8 words in this verse.
“tent” occurs 2× in this single verse.
7 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.