σκοτεινός
dark
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Nominative-case word in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Adjective
- A word that describes or qualifies a noun.
Case
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
Gender
- Neuter
- Grammatically neuter.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Neuter 2 times (67%)
- Adjective, Accusative, Singular, Neuter 1 time (33%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (Robinson–Tischendorf, public domain), counted across 3 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where G4652 appears — 3 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Matthew 1 verse
Luke 2 verses
- Luke 11:34 σκοτεινόν adj nom sg neut The lamp of the body is the eye. Therefore when your eye is good, your whole body is also full of light; but when it is evil, your body also is full of darkness.
- Luke 11:36 σκοτεινόν adj acc sg neut If therefore your whole body is full of light, having no part dark, it will be wholly full of light, as when the lamp with its bright shining gives you light."
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, σκοτεινος (skoteinós) means “dark.” It is rare — just 3 verses in the entire Greek New Testament. The word gravitates to Luke (67%), then Matthew. It first appears in Matthew 6:23. It clusters with σκοτος, σκοτια and σκοτιζω under a shared root. Dig into 3-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G4652 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 3
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 3 distinct verses.
- 2 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 2 of 27 New Testament books.
- #2,203
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Greek words (rank 2,203 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 3 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 3 distinct verses.
- Gospels 3 verses · 100%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 2 verses · 67%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Dark 1×, Full of darkness 1×, Is full of darkness 1×
- American Standard Version: Dark 1×, Full of darkness 1×, Is full of darkness 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Full of darkness 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Dark 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G4652 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G4652 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G4652 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G4652 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in Thayer's
The 1 sense Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- full of darkness, covered with darkness
Word origin
Derived from σκοτος (skótos) (G4655) — darkness.
From G4655 ; opaque that is (figuratively) benighted : - dark full of darkness.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 2 distinct written forms G4652 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| σκοτεινόν skoteinón | Adjective, Accusative, Singular, Neuter | Luke 11:36 | 2 |
| σκοτεινὸν skoteinòn | Adjective, Nominative, Singular, Neuter | Matthew 6:23 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G4652, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word σκοτεινος appears 15 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 15 verses in 9 books.
- 15
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 15
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 9 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 9 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Genesis 15:12 σκοτεινός
- 2 Kings 5:24 σκοτεινός
- Job 10:21 σκοτεινός
- Psalms 17:12 σκοτεινός
- Proverbs 1:6 σκοτεινός
- Isaiah 45:3 σκοτεινός
- Jeremiah 13:16 σκοτεινός
- Lamentations 3:6 σκοτεινός
- Daniel 2:22 σκοτεινός
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G4652) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Genesis 15:12 σκοτεινός When the sun was going down, a deep sleep fell on Abram. Now terror and great darkness fell on him.
- 2 Kings 5:24 σκοτεινός When he came to the hill, he took them from their hand, and bestowed them in the house; and he let the men go, and they departed.
- Job 10:21 σκοτεινός Before I go where I shall not return from, To the land of darkness and of the shadow of death;
- Job 15:23 σκοτεινός He wanders abroad for bread, saying, 'Where is it?' He knows that the day of darkness is ready at his hand.
- Psalms 17:12 σκοτεινός He is like a lion that is greedy of his prey, As it were a young lion lurking in secret places.
- Psalms 87:7 σκοτεινός Those who sing as well as those who dance say, "All my springs are in you."
- Psalms 142:3 σκοτεινός When my spirit was overwhelmed within me, You knew my path. In the way in which I walk, They have hidden a snare for me.
- Proverbs 1:6 σκοτεινός To understand a proverb, and parables, The words and riddles of the wise.
- Proverbs 4:19 σκοτεινός The way of the wicked is like darkness. They don't know what they stumble over.
- Isaiah 45:3 σκοτεινός and I will give you the treasures of darkness, and hidden riches of secret places, that you may know that it is I, Yahweh, who call you by your name, even the God of Israel.
- Isaiah 45:19 σκοτεινός I have not spoken in secret, in a place of the land of darkness; I didn't say to the seed of Jacob, Seek you me in vain: I, Yahweh, speak righteousness, I declare things that are right.
- Isaiah 48:16 σκοτεινός Come you near to me, hear you this; from the beginning I have not spoken in secret; from the time that it was, there am I: and now the Lord Yahweh has sent me, and his Spirit.
- Jeremiah 13:16 σκοτεινός Give glory to Yahweh your God, before he cause darkness, and before your feet stumble on the dark mountains, and, while you look for light, he turn it into the shadow of death, and make it gross darkness.
- Lamentations 3:6 σκοτεινός He has made me to dwell in dark places, as those that have been long dead.
- Daniel 2:22 σκοτεινός he reveals the deep and secret things; he knows what is in the darkness, and the light dwells with him.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G4652) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
