ἔχθρα
enmity
‘enmity’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
See every Nominative-case word in the Greek New Testament →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Case
- Accusative
- The case of the direct object and of extent.
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
- Dative
- The case of the indirect object, means, or location — “to / for / with / in.”
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Accusative, Singular, Feminine 2 times (33%)
- Noun, Nominative, Singular, Feminine 2 times (33%)
- Noun, Dative, Singular, Feminine 1 time (17%)
- Noun, Nominative, Plural, Feminine 1 time (17%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (Robinson–Tischendorf, public domain), counted across 6 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where G2189 appears — 6 distinct verses across 5 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Luke 1 verse
Romans 1 verse
Galatians 1 verse
Ephesians 2 verses
- Ephesians 2:15 ἔχθραν n acc sg fem having abolished in the flesh the hostility, the law of commandments contained in ordinances, that he might create in himself one new man of the two, making peace;
- Ephesians 2:16 ἔχθραν n acc sg fem and might reconcile them both in one body to God through the cross, having killed the hostility thereby.
James 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Greek noun εχθρα centers on the idea of “enmity.” Debuting at Luke 23:12, it then recurs through the corpus. Spanning 6 verses in 5 books, it ranks among the uncommon words of the Greek New Testament. Ephesians dominates its distribution — 2 of 6 verses. Thayer's distinguishes 2 senses for it. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G2189 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 6
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 6 distinct verses.
- 5 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 5 of 27 New Testament books.
- #1,476
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Greek words (rank 1,476 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 6 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the New Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 6 distinct verses.
- Pauline corpus 4 verses · 67%
- Gospels 1 verse · 17%
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 1 verse · 17%
- General (Catholic) Epistles 1 verse · 17%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Enmity 4×
- American Standard Version: Enmity 4×
- Berean Standard Bible: Hostility 3×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Hostility 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G2189 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G2189 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G2189 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G2189 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in Thayer's
The 2 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- enmity
- cause of enmity
Word origin
Derived from εχθρος (echthrós) (G2190) — enemy.
Feminine of G2190 ; hostility ; by implication a reason for opposition : - enmity hatred.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms G2189 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that case’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| ἔχθρα échthra | Noun, Nominative, Singular, Feminine | Romans 8:7 | 2 |
| ἔχθραν échthran | Noun, Accusative, Singular, Feminine | Ephesians 2:15 | 2 |
| ἔχθραι échthrai | Noun, Nominative, Plural, Feminine | Galatians 5:20 | 1 |
| ἔχθρᾳ échthra | Noun, Dative, Singular, Feminine | Luke 23:12 | 1 |
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word εχθρα appears 11 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 11 verses in 6 books.
- 11
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 11
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 6 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 6 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Numbers 35:20 ἔχθρα
- Proverbs 25:10 ἔχθρα
- Isaiah 63:10 ἔχθρα
- Jeremiah 9:7 ἔχθρα
- Ezekiel 35:5 ἔχθρα
- Micah 2:8 ἔχθρα
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G2189) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Numbers 35:20 ἔχθρα If he thrust him of hatred, or hurled at him, lying in wait, so that he died,
- Numbers 35:22 ἔχθρα But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or hurled on him anything without lying in wait,
- Proverbs 25:10 ἔχθρα Lest one who hears it put you to shame, And your bad reputation never depart.
- Proverbs 26:26 ἔχθρα His malice may be concealed by deception, But his wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.
- Isaiah 63:10 ἔχθρα But they rebelled, and grieved his holy Spirit: therefore he was turned to be their enemy, [and] himself fought against them.
- Jeremiah 9:7 ἔχθρα Therefore thus says Yahweh of Hosts, Behold, I will melt them, and try them; for how [else] should I do, because of the daughter of my people?
- Ezekiel 35:5 ἔχθρα Because you have had a perpetual enmity, and have given over the children of Israel to the power of the sword in the time of their calamity, in the time of the iniquity of the end;
- Ezekiel 35:11 ἔχθρα therefore, as I live, says the Lord Yahweh, I will do according to your anger, and according to your envy which you have shown out of your hatred against them; and I will make myself known among them, when I shall judge you.
- Micah 2:8 ἔχθρα But lately my people have risen up as an enemy. You strip the robe and clothing from those who pass by without a care, returning from battle.
- Micah 7:8 ἔχθρα Don't rejoice against me, my enemy. When I fall, I will arise. When I sit in darkness, Yahweh will be a light to me.
- Micah 7:10 ἔχθρα Then my enemy will see it, And shame will cover her who said to me, Where is Yahweh your God? Then my enemy will see me and will cover her shame. Now she will be trodden down like the mire of the streets.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G2189) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
