Luke 22:34

22:34 On Thursday evening, Jesus said that Peter would deny him before the rooster crows tomorrow morning (literally before the rooster crows today): This does not contradict Mark’s “this very night, before the rooster crows twice” (Mark 14:30); Luke and Matthew are simply more general, and in Jewish reckoning, sunset was the beginning of the next day.

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Luk 22:34. Σήμερον, this day) although thou mayest seem to thyself, Peter, to be ready.

Bengel's Gnomon of the New Testament — English translation (T&T Clark, Edinburgh, 1860) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Luk 22:34 . σήμερον , to-day, as in Mk., but without the more definite ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ . μὴ εἰδέναι : μὴ after a verb of denial as often in Greek authors, e.g. , τὸν τἀμʼ ἀπαρνηθέντα μὴ χρᾶναι λέχη , Eurip., Hippol. , l. 1256.

The Expositor's Greek Testament, edited by W. Robertson Nicoll (1897–1910) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

cock . . . crow--"twice" (Mar 14:30).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Verse 34. The cock shall not crow this day] Mt 26:34, and Mr 14:30, say, this night; both expressions are right, because the Jewish day, of twenty-four hours, began with the evening, and ended at the evening of the following day. On Peter's denial, see the notes on Mt 26:31-35.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

(34) I tell thee, Peter.—See Notes on Mat_26:34-35; Mar_14:30-31,

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

34. Peter] The only occasion on which Jesus is recorded to have used to him the name He gave. It is used to remind him of his strength as well as his weakness.

the cock shall not crow this day] It was, perhaps, already past midnight. St Mark says more exactly (Luk_14:30) ‘shall not crow twice.’ But St Luke’s expression merely means, ‘that part of the dawn which is called the cock-crow (alektorophonia, gallicinium) shall not be over before, &c.’

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

And he said unto them,.... To the disciples, as the Persic version reads; not to Peter only, but to them all:

when I sent you without purse, and scrip, and shoes; without the necessaries of life, without proper accommodations for a journey, without provisions, or money, to buy any with: so , "without a purse", is, by the Scholiast on Aristophanes (t), interpreted by , "without money and expense": Christ here refers to his mission of them in Mat 10:5

lacked ye any thing? any of the common blessings of life, food to eat, or raiment to wear?

and they said, nothing; they lacked nothing at all; wherever they came, they had friendly accommodations; they were provided with every thing necessary for them; they had both food and raiment, and good lodgings in every place; the houses and hearts of men were opened by Christ to receive them, though they were sent out by him so empty and destitute.

(t) In Avibus, p. 548.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

34 And he said, I tell thee, Peter, the cock shall not crow this day, before that thou shalt thrice deny that thou knowest me.

Ver. 34. See Mat 26:34; Mar 14:30; Joh 13:38.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

It shall not be the time of cock crowing this day - The common time of cock crowing (which is usually about three in the morning) probably did not come till after the cock which Peter heard had crowed twice, if not oftener.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

34. μὴ εἰδέναι με. אBDL, &c. read με εἰδέναι ἀπαρνήσῃ. The first was omitted as superfluous or confused with the following με.

34. Πέτρε. The only occasion on which Jesus is recorded to have used to him the name He gave. It is used to remind him of his strength as well as his weakness.

οὐ φωνήσει σήμερον ἀλέκτωρ. It was, perhaps, already past midnight. St Mark says more exactly (Luk 14:30) ‘shall not crow twice.’ But St Luke’s expression merely means, ‘that part of the dawn which is called the cock-crow (ἀλεκτοροφωνία, gallicinium) shall not be over before,’ &c.

Cambridge Greek Testament for Schools and Colleges (Cambridge University Press, 1896; 21 vols, various authors incl. Carr, Maclear, Plummer, Farrar, Lumby, Moule, M. R. James, Simcox) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

34.] Whether these words are in close connexion with the preceding, may I think be doubted. They may represent the same reply of our Lord as we have recorded in Joh 13:38. One thing seems clear, without any attempt at minutely harmonizing: that two announcements were made by our Lord to Peter of his future denial, occasioned by two very different professions of his. One,—during the last meal, i.e. before going out, and occasioned by Peter’s professed readiness to go to prison and to death (= to lay down his life) for and with the Lord:—the other,—on the way to the Mount of Olives, after the declaration that all should be offended, and occasioned by Peter’s profession that though all should be offended, yet would not he. Nothing is more natural or common than the repetition, by the warm-hearted and ardent, of professions like these, in spite of warning:—and when De Wette calls such an interpretation eine Nothhulfe, all that we can say is to disclaim any wish to clear up difficulties, except by going into their depths and examining them honestly and diligently. If the above view be correct, I conceive that the account in John of this profession and our Lord’s answer, being in strict coherence, and arising out of the subject of conversation, must be taken as the exact one: and Luke must be supposed to have inserted them here without being aware of the intermediate remarks which led to them.

This is the only place in the Gospels where our Lord addresses Peter by the name Πέτρε. And it is remarkable as occurring in the very place where He forewarns him of his approaching denial of Himself.

Henry Alford, The Greek Testament (1849–1861) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

34. Λέγω σοι, Πέτρε. For the first and last time in the Gospels Jesus addresses him by the significant name which He had given him. Rock-like strength is not to be found in self-confidence, but in humble trust in Him. Mt. and Mk. have Ἀμὴν λέγω σοι: Jn. Ἀμὴν ἀμὴν λ. σοι. The solemn earnestness with which this definite prediction was uttered made a deep impression upon all.

σήμερον. Mt. his ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτί. Mk. has both. The new day began after sunset. See 4:40, 13, and 23:38 for similar cases in which Mt. and Lk. have different parts of an expression, of which Mk. has the whole.

οὐ φωνήσει … ἀλέκτωρ. The third of the four Roman watches was called ἀλεκτοροφωνία, gallicinium (Mar 13:35; Apost. Const. viii. 34, 1; Strabo, vii. 35; Geopon. 1153). The expression here is equivalent to “Before this night is past.” Mk. alone mentions the double cock-crowing, and the fact that Peter, so far from being silenced, kept on protesting with increased vehemence.

ἕως τρίς με ἀπαρνήσῃ εἰδέναι. This is the true reading (א B L M Q X T), The τρίς is in all four Gospels: the εἰδέναι in Lk. alone.

International Critical Commentary — older volumes (1896–1929), various authors — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Peter. The only instance of Christ 's directly addressing him as Peter. He refers to him by that name, Mr 16:7.

The cock. See on Mt 26:34.

Deny. See on Mr 14:30.

Marvin R. Vincent, Word Studies in the New Testament (1887–1900) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.