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Job 39:28

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Job 39:28 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Job 39:28 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/job/39/28.

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English Translation
On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, On the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, On the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    It dwells and lodges a crag, on the peak of a crag and a stronghold.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, On the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    He dwells on a cliff and lodges there; his stronghold is on a rocky crag.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    He dwells on a cliff and lodges there; his stronghold is on a rocky crag.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    On the cliff she dwelleth, and maketh her home, Upon the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    She dwelleth on the rock, and hath her lodging there, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong hold.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    He sayth among the trumpets, Ha, ha: hee smellleth the battell afarre off, and the noyse of the captaines, and the shouting.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    She abideth among the rocks, and dwelleth among cragged flints, and stony hills, where there is no access.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    A rock he doth inhabit, Yea, he lodgeth on the tooth of a rock, and fortress.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    He inhabits a rock, || Indeed, he lodges on the tooth of a rock, and fortress.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    He lives on cliffs and makes his home on the peaks of cliffs, a stronghold.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    It dwells and lodges a crag, on the peak of a crag and a stronghold.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    He inhabiteth the rock and maketh his dwelling on the point of the cliff, and the fastness:
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    On the cliff he dwells and makes his home, on the point of the cliff and the stronghold.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    \\39:25\\He saith among the trumpets, Ha, ha; and he smelleth the battle afar off, the thunder of the captains, and the shouting.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    It lives among the cliffs, and roosts on a remote rocky crag.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    When it comes to his ears he says, Aha! He is smelling the fight from far off, and hearing the thunder of the captains, and the war-cries.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the stronghold.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7
words
6
distinct lemmas
Wisdom
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וּמְצוּדָֽה net H4686 — appearing just 23 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וּמְצוּדָֽה net H4686 occurs in 23 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 4 nouns
  • 1 preposition

Verb forms

  • יִ֭שְׁכֹּן Qal · Imperfect
  • וְיִתְלֹנָ֑ן Hithpolel · Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • סֶ֣לַע rock H5553 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 18 words from the Hebrew and 11 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 7 Hebrew tokens and 5 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

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Cross-references

1

Topical passages linked to Job 39:28 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • 1 Samuel 14:4 Between the passes, by which Jonathan sought to go over to the Philistines' garrison, there was a rocky crag on the one side, and a rocky crag on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez, and the name of the other Seneh.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 11 words vs World English Bible 18. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Job 39:28 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

סֶ֣לַע יִ֭שְׁכֹּן וְיִתְלֹנָ֑ן עַֽל שֶׁן סֶ֝֗לַע וּמְצוּדָֽה

On the cliff he dwells, and makes his home, On the point of the cliff, and the stronghold.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Job 39:28 Septuagint · lemma form

ἐπί ἐξοκή πέτρα καί ἀπόκρυφος

on a crag of a rock, and in a secret place?

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Job 39:28 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Job 39:28 She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place.

Ver. 28. She dwelleth and abideth upon the rock, &c.] Which are counterscarfed and encompassed with precipices; there she makes her nest in the clefts and crags. The reason whereof see in the note on the verse before.

Upon the crag of the rock] She nestleth not upon the sand, as the ostrich doth, Job 39:14. And in this so great difference of birds and other creatures is seen the wonderful power and providence of God.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

abideth--securely (Psa 91:1); it occupies the same abode mostly for life.

crag--literally, "tooth" (Sa1 14:5, Margin).

strong place--citadel, fastness.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 28. Upon the crag of the rock] שן סלע shen sela, the tooth of the rock, i.e., some projecting part, whither adventurous man himself dares not follow her.

And the strong place.] ומצודה umetsudah. Mr. Good translates this word ravine, and joins it to Job 39:29, thus: "And thence espieth the ravine: her eyes trace the prey afar off."

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Gill's Exposition

She dwelleth and abideth on the rock, upon the crag of the rock, and the strong place. Where she and her young are safe: so Pliny (r) says, eagles make their nests in rocks, even in the precipices of them, as the philosopher quoted in the preceding verse; and here on the tooth, edge, or precipice of the rock, which is inaccessible, and so like a strong fortified place.

(r) Nat. Hist. l. 10. 3.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

She dwelleth and abideth on the rock - “He rarely quits the mountains to descend into the plains. Each pair live in an insulated state, establishing their quarters on some high and precipitous cliff, at a respectful distance from others of the same species.” “Edin. Ency.” They seem to occupy the same cliff, or place of abode, during their lives; and hence, it is that they are represented as having a permanent abode on the lofty rock. In Damir it is said that the blind poet Besar, son of Jazidi, being asked, if God would give him the choice to be an animal, what he would be, said that he would wish to be nothing else than an “alokab,” a species of the eagle, for they dwelt in places to which no wild animal could have access. Scheutzer, “Phys. Sac. in loc.” The word rendered “abideth” means commonly “to pass the night,” and here refers to the fact that the high rock was its constant abode or dwelling. By night as well as by day, the eagle had his home there.

Upon the crag of the rock - Hebrew, “Upon the tooth of the rock” - from the resemblance of the crag of a rock to a tooth.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Access. See Abdias iv.; Aristotle, anim. ix. 32.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Which she doth partly for the security of herself and her young; and partly that she may thence have the better prospect to discern her prey, as it followeth.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

28. Crag of the rock — Literally, tooth of the rock.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

She dwelleth and abideth on the rook, upon the crag of the rook, and the strong place; literally, the tooth of the rock. The craggy summits of rocks bear a resemblance to the fangs of a tooth. Hence we have in France the Dent du Chat, and in Switzerland the Dent de Jaman and the Dent du Midi.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

He dwells on the rock and lodges Aaron was confident when he placed the censer with the incense on the foundation stone [in the Holy of Holies].

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Job, in the Wisdom, opens this verse with 7 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is mâtsûwd (“net”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “net” (mâtsûwd) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. How does 1 Samuel 22:4, which shares the word «net», read alongside this verse?
  3. What does the repetition of “rock” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  4. The Septuagint runs shorter here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
  5. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  6. «יִ֭שְׁכֹּן» is a Qal Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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