2 Samuel 23:22

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had a name among the three mighty men.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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בְּנָיָ֖הוּ

Bᵉnâyâh

H1141

“Benaiah”

Noun, Proper

Appears 42× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at 2 Samuel 8:18

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H1129 and H3050

TWOT: None

Benaiah = "Jehovah has built" or " Yahweh has built up" - one of David's mighty warriors, son of Jehoiada the chief priest, a Levite, set by David over his bodyguard, later having remained faithful to Solomon during Adonijah's attempt on the crown, was raised into the place of Joab as commander-in-chief of the army - the Pirathonite, an Ephraimite, one of David's thirty mighty warriors, and the captain of the eleventh monthly course - a Simeonite, a prince of the families of Simeon - a Levite in the time of David who played with a psaltery on Alamoth - a priest in the time of David, appointed to blow the trumpet before the ark - a Levite of the sons of Asaph - a Levite in the time of Hezekiah - Four Israelites in the time of Ezra who had taken strange wives - the father of Pelatiah

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9: words
8: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

בְּנָיָ֖הוּ Benaiah H1141 occurs in 41 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
4 nouns
2 adjectives
1 pronoun
1 preposition

Verb forms

עָשָׂ֔ה Qal · Perfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 17 words from the Hebrew and 18 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 13 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 23:22 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

אֵ֣לֶּה עָשָׂ֔ה בְּנָיָ֖הוּ בֶּן יְהוֹיָדָ֑ע וְלוֹ שֵׁ֖ם בִּשְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה הַגִּבֹּרִֽים

These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had a name among the three mighty men.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 23:22 Septuagint · lemma form

οὗτος ποιέω βαναιας υἱός ιωδαε καί αὐτός ὄνομα ἐν ὁ τρεῖς ὁ δυνατός

These things did Banaeas the son of Jodae, and he had a name among the three mighty men.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

אִלֵין עֲבַד בְּנָיָהוּ בַּר יְהוֹיָדָע וְלֵיהּ שׁוּם בִּתְלָתָא גִבָּרַיָא:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 23:22 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Sa 23:22 These [things] did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and had the name among three mighty men.

Ver. 22. Among three.] Asahel seemeth to be the third of those who made up the second band or squadron of colonels.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

22. among three mighty men] Among the three mighty men of the second rank.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada,.... Slew a lion, and two lion-like men of Moab, and an Egyptian of a gigantic stature, Sa2 23:20,

and had the name among three mighty men; of which he was one, and Abishai another, the third Asahel, one of the thirty; or was over them, Sa2 23:24, since thirty are reckoned without him. Abarbinel thinks that the third was Adina, the son of Shiza, the Reubenite, Ch1 11:42; since thirty were with him, and he at the head of them.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

did these feats

"did these mighty deeds"

he was named alongside the three mighty men

This can be stated in active form. AT: "people praise him like they praised the three mighty men" (See: Active or Passive)

He was more highly regarded than the thirty soldiers in general, but he was not regarded quite as highly as the three mighty men

"He was more famous than the other 30 soldiers except for the three best soldiers" (See: Numbers)

three mighty men

This refers to Josheb Basshebeth, Eleazar, and Shimeah.

his bodyguard

a group of soldiers in charge of guarding David

translationWords

Benaiah

might

David

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Bᵉnâyâh (“Benaiah”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Benaiah” (Bᵉnâyâh) contribute to the verse as a whole?
2 Samuel 8:18 shares the word «Benaiah» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
The verb «עָשָׂ֔ה» is Qal Perfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 9 Hebrew ↔ 13 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 6 words in this verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 9 words in this verse.