2 Samuel 23:30

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Benaiah a Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible
Septuagint runs shorter here — compare

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Word by word

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הִדַּ֖י

Hidday

H1914

“Hiddai”

Noun, Proper

Appears 1× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears here

Full BDB Definition

Origin: of uncertain derivation

TWOT: None

Hiddai = "for the rejoicing of Jehovah" - one of the 37 mighty warriors of David's guard

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5: words
5: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

הִדַּ֖י Hiddai H1914

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

הִדַּ֖י Hiddai H1914

Shared distinctive vocabulary

גָֽעַשׁ Gaash H1608 occurs in 4 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

5 nouns

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 9 words from the Hebrew and 4 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 5 Hebrew tokens and 6 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Samuel 23:30 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Judges 12:15 Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite died, and was buried in Pirathon in the land of Ephraim, in the hill-country of the Amalekites.
Joshua 24:30 They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnathserah, which is in the hill-country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.
Judges 2:9 They buried him in the border of his inheritance in Timnath Heres, in the hill country of Ephraim, on the north of the mountain of Gaash.
Judges 12:13 After him Abdon the son of Hillel the Pirathonite judged Israel.
1 Chronicles 27:14 The eleventh [captain] for the eleventh month was Benaiah the Pirathonite, of the children of Ephraim: and in his division were twenty-four thousand.
Deuteronomy 1:24 and they turned and went up into the hill-country, and came to the valley of Eshcol, and spied it out.
1 Chronicles 11:31–32 Ithai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the children of Benjamin, Benaiah the Pirathonite,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 4 words vs World English Bible 9. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Samuel 23:30 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

בְּנָיָ֨הוּ֙ פִּרְעָ֣תֹנִ֔י הִדַּ֖י מִנַּ֥חֲלֵי גָֽעַשׁ

Benaiah a Pirathonite, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Samuel 23:30 Septuagint · lemma form

βαναιας ὁ φαραθωνίτης ουρι ἐκ ναχαλιγαιας

Adroi of the brooks.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)

בְנָיָהוּ דְמִפִּרָעָתוֹן הִדֵי דְמִנַחֲלֵי גָעַשׁ:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Samuel 23:30 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(30) Benaiah the Pirathonite.—He was general for the eleventh month (1Ch_27:14). He is of course to be distinguished from Benaiah of 2Sa_23:20.

Hiddai.—In 1Ch_11:32, Hurai, owing to the frequent confusion of d and r.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

30. Benaiah the Pirathonite] Of Pirathon in Ephraim (Jdg_12:13; Jdg_12:15), perhaps the modern Ferâta, six miles W.S.W. of Shechem. Benaiah was general of the eleventh division (1Ch_27:14).

Hiddai] In 1Ch_11:32 Hurai, owing to the common confusion of d and r.

the brooks of Gaash] Or Nahale-Gaash, a proper name meaning the ravines of the earthquake. “The hill of Gaash” was on the south of Joshua’s property at Timnath-serah in Mount Ephraim (Jos_19:50; Jos_24:30; Jdg_2:9), the traditional site of which is Kefr Hâris, nine miles S.W. of Shechem. But no trace of the name Gaash has yet been discovered.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Benaiah the Pirathonite,.... Who was of Pirathon, a city in the tribe of Ephraim, Jdg 12:15.

Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash; which perhaps ran by the hill Gaash, and was also in the tribe of Ephraim, Jos 24:30. This man is called Hurai, Ch1 11:32.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Heddai: d is exchanged for r in Paralipomenon Hurai.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

The Pulpit Commentary

Benaiah. He was an Ephraimite, and had the command of the eleventh brigade. Pirathon was a town in Ephraim. (Jud_1:12:15) Hiddai. Called Hurai in 1Ch_11:32, by the common confusion of d and r. The brooks of Gaash. "Nahale-Gaash," the ravines of Gaash, was probably the name of some village, of which nothing is now known.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Samuel, in the Historical, opens this verse with 5 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Hidday (“Hiddai”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word Hidday carries the sense “Hiddai.” How does it shape the verse?
1 word here appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. Why might the author reach for such rare wording?
This is the first place “Hiddai” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
How does Joshua 24:30, which shares the word «Gaash», read alongside this verse?
The Septuagint runs shorter here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
Compare how Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers and The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
This verse counts 5 Hebrew ↔ 6 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 2 words in this verse.
5 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 5 words in this verse.