גָּעַר
to rebuke
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘rebuke’
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Jussive
- A third- or second-person volitional form expressing wish or command (“let him write”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Imperative
- A direct command (“write!”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms 9 distinct
- Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (21%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 2 times (14%)
- Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 2 times (14%)
- Verb, Qal, Jussive, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 2 times (14%)
- Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct 1 time (7%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular 1 time (7%)
- Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 time (7%)
- Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural 1 time (7%)
+1 more form (1 occurrence)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 14 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H1605 appears — 13 distinct verses across 8 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 1 verse
Ruth 1 verse
Psalms 4 verses
- Psalms 9:5 גָּעַ֣רְתָּ Qal pf 2ms You have rebuked the nations. You have destroyed the wicked. You have blotted out their name forever and ever.
- Psalms 68:30 גְּעַ֨ר Qal impv 2ms Rebuke the wild animal of the reeds, The multitude of the bulls, with the calves of the peoples. Being humbled, may it bring bars of silver. Scatter the nations that delight in war.
- Psalms 106:9 וַ/יִּגְעַ֣ר conj + Qal wimpf 3ms He rebuked the Red Sea also, and it was dried up; So he led them through the depths, as through a desert.
- Psalms 119:21 גָּ֭עַרְתָּ Qal pf 2ms You have rebuked the proud who are cursed, Who wander from your commandments.
Isaiah 2 verses
- Isaiah 17:13 וְ/גָ֥עַר conj + Qal wpf 3ms The nations shall rush like the rushing of many waters: but he shall rebuke them, and they shall flee far off, and shall be chased as the chaff of the mountains before the wind, and like the whirling dust before the storm.
- Isaiah 54:9 וּ/מִ/גְּעָר conj + prep + Qal inf.cs For this is [as] the waters of Noah to me; for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah shall no more go over the earth, so have I sworn that I will not be angry with you, nor rebuke you.
Jeremiah 1 verse
Nahum 1 verse
Zechariah 1 verse
Malachi 2 verses
- Malachi 2:3 גֹעֵ֤ר Qal ptcp.act ms Behold, I will rebuke your seed, and will spread dung on your faces, even the dung of your feasts; and you will be taken away with it.
- Malachi 3:11 וְ/גָעַרְתִּ֤י conj + Qal wpf 1cs I will rebuke the devourer for your sakes, and he shall not destroy the fruits of your ground; neither shall your vine cast its fruit before its time in the field," says Yahweh of Hosts.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to rebuke” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb גער (gâʻar). First canonically at Genesis 37:10, it enters the text early. It appears 13 verses across 8 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its uncommon vocabulary. More than a quarter of its appearances fall in Psalms. Related forms include גערה and מגערת. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1605 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 13
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 13 distinct verses.
- 8 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 8 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #1,910
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 1,910 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 13 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 13 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 7 verses · 54%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 5 verses · 38%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 1 verse · 8%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Rebuke 4×, Thou hast rebuked 2×
- American Standard Version: Rebuke 3×, Thou hast rebuked 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: He rebukes 2×, I will rebuke 2×, Rebuke 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Rebuke 5×, May 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1605 across 14 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1605 across 14 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 9 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1605 across 14 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 4 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1605 across 16 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 9 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Is 17:13; גָּעַרְתָּ ψ 9:6 + 2 times, etc.; Impf. יִגְעַר Zc 3:2 + 3 times, תִּגְעֲרוּ Ru 2:16; Imv. גְּעַר ψ 68:31, Inf. מִגְּעָר־ Is 54:9; Pt. גּוֹעֵר Na 1:4, גֹּעֵר Mal 2:3;—c. בְּ except ψ 9:6; 68:31; 119:21 Mal 2:3 where acc.;— e.g. Isaiah 17:13
- 1. rebuke, father his son Gn 37:10 (E), reapers Ruth Ru 2:16, priest Jeremiah Je 29:27. e.g. Genesis 37:10
- 2. of God rebuking nations ψ 9:6 Is 17:13, proud ψ 119:21, Satan Zc 3:2(×2), חית קנה ψ 68:31, בָּאֹכֵל (the devouring swarm of locusts, restraining them) Mal 3:11, the sea drying it up ψ 106:9 Na 1:4, Zion Is 54:9; הַזֶּרַע the seed (prevent the usual harvest) Mal 2:3 (𝔊 Aq 𝔙 הַזְּרֹעַ, the arm, viz., of priests, that they may not extend it to bless). e.g. Psalms 9:6
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. rebuke (Aramaic גְּעַר, ܓܥܰܪ id., Ethiopic ገዐረ cry out, Sab. יגער n.pr., Sab. Denkm. p. 29.30)—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
גְּעַר
- to shout, to rebuke. Targ. Zech. III, 2 ed. Lag. (ed. יְזֵיף).—Kidd. 81ᵇ רחמנא נִגְעַר ביה וכ׳ the Lord rebuke Satan. Gen. R. s. 56 ההוא גברא דיִגְעַר ביה that man of whom it is said, Rebuke him (Satan; with ref. to Zech. l. c.).
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 14 distinct written forms H1605 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| גָעַ֔רְתָּ | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Jeremiah 29:27 | 1 |
| גֹעֵ֤ר | Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Malachi 2:3 | 1 |
| גְּעַ֨ר | Verb, Qal, Imperative, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 68:30 | 1 |
| גָּ֭עַרְתָּ | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 119:21 | 1 |
| גָּעַ֣רְתָּ | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 9:5 | 1 |
| גּוֹעֵ֤ר | Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Nahum 1:4 | 1 |
| וְ/גָ֥עַר | Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Isaiah 17:13 | 1 |
| וְ/גָעַרְתִּ֤י | Verb, Qal, Sequential Perfect, 1st Person, Common, Singular | Malachi 3:11 | 1 |
| וְ/יִגְעַ֤ר | Verb, Qal, Jussive, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Zechariah 3:2 | 1 |
| וַ/יִּגְעַ֣ר | Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 106:9 | 1 |
| וַ/יִּגְעַר | Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Genesis 37:10 | 1 |
| וּ/מִ/גְּעָר | Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct | Isaiah 54:9 | 1 |
| יִגְעַ֨ר | Verb, Qal, Jussive, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Zechariah 3:2 | 1 |
| תִגְעֲרוּ | Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural | Ruth 2:16 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1605, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 11 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 13 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
