Deuteronomy 14:11

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

Of all clean birds you may eat.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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צִפּ֥וֹר

tsippôwr

H6833

“bird”

Noun, Common, Both, Singular, Absolute

Appears 40× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 7:14

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H6852

TWOT: 1959a

bird, fowl - bird (singular) - birds (collective)

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

4: words
4: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

צִפּ֥וֹר bird H6833 occurs in 36 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

1 verb
2 nouns
1 adjective

Verb forms

תֹּאכֵֽלוּ Qal · Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 7 words from the Hebrew and 6 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 4 Hebrew tokens and 4 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 14:11 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

כָּל צִפּ֥וֹר טְהֹרָ֖ה תֹּאכֵֽלוּ

Of all clean birds you may eat.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 14:11 Septuagint · lemma form

πᾶς ὄρνεον καθαρός ἐσθίω

You⌃ shall eat every clean bird.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

כָּל צִפַּר דַכְיָא תֵּיכְלוּן

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

כָּל צִפַּר דְּכֵי דְאִית בֵּיהּ זְפַק וְקוּרְקְבָנֵיהּ קָלִיף וְאִית לֵיהּ צִבְעָא יְתֵירָא וְלָא דָרִיס תֵּיכְלוּן

Every bird which hath a vesicle or crop which may be picked away, and which (bird) is longer than a finger, and not of the rapacious kind, you may eat.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 14:11 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

OF BIRDS. (Deu 14:11-20)

Of all clean birds ye shall eat--(See on Lev 11:21).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

14:11-18 These animals are grouped as flying animals that eat rotting flesh.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

11–20. Of Birds, cp. Lev_11:13-19; only the unclean are named; of clean birds we know of the dove, quail, partridge and barbur.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And every creeping thing that flieth is unclean,.... Which the Targum of Jonathan thus paraphrases;"all flies and wasps (or hornets), and worms of lentiles and of beans, which are separated from food, and fly as birds, they are unclean;''See Gill on Lev 11:20; see Gill on Lev 11:21.

.

Deuteronomy 14:20

deu 14:20

deu 14:20

deu 14:20But of all clean fowls ye may eat. Even of all fowls, but those before excepted; Aben Ezra instances in the locust, as being a clean fowl, that might be eaten; and so the Targum of Jonathan is"every clean locust ye may eat;''see Lev 11:22.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

All clean birds

An animal that God says is fit for his people to eat is spoken of as if the animal were physically clean. (See: Metaphor)

eagle ... vulture ... osprey ... red kite ... black kite ... falcon

These are birds that are either awake at night or feed on small animals and dead animals. (See: Translate Unknowns)

translationWords

clean

eagle

kind

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

כל צפור טהרה תאכלו ALL CLEAN BIRDS YOU MAY EAT — 'All' — this is intended to permit as food also the bird that is set free in the case of a leper (i.e. at his purification rite; Leviticus 14:7) (Sifrei Devarim 103:1; Kiddushin 57a).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 4 words (4 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is tsippôwr (“bird”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word tsippôwr carries the sense “bird.” How does it shape the verse?
Genesis 7:14 shares the word «bird» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
The verb «תֹּאכֵֽלוּ» is Qal Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Jamieson, Fausset & Brown and Tyndale Open Study Notes read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 4 Hebrew ↔ 4 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 3 words in this verse.
4 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 4 words in this verse.