1 Chronicles 8:28

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 1 Chronicles 8:28 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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1 Chronicles 8:28 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/1-chronicles/8/28.

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English Translation
These were heads of fathers' [houses] throughout their generations, chief men: these lived in Jerusalem.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers' [houses] throughout their generations, chief men: these lived in Jerusalem.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    These heads of fathers according to their generations, heads. These dwelled in Jerusalem.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers' [houses] throughout their generations, chief men: these lived in Jerusalem.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    All these were heads of families, the chiefs according to their genealogies, and they lived in Jerusalem.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    All these were heads of families, the chiefs according to their genealogies, and they lived in Jerusalem.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers' `houses' throughout their generations, chief men: these dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers’ houses throughout their generations, chief men: these dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    These were the chiefe fathers according to their generations, euen princes, which dwelt in Ierusalem.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    These were the chief fathers, and heads of their families who dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    These `are' heads of fathers, by their generations, heads; these dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    These [are] heads of fathers, by their generations, [the] heads. These dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    These were heads of fathers' houses and chief men who lived in Jerusalem.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    These heads of fathers according to their generations, heads. These dwelled in Jerusalem.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    These were the chief fathers, according to their generations, principal men; these dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers’ households throughout their generations, chief men. These lived in Jerusalem.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    These were heads of the fathers, by their generations, chief men. These dwelt in Jerusalem.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    All these were family heads, according to their genealogy. They lived in Jerusalem.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    These were heads of families in their generations; chief men: these were living in Jerusalem.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    These were heads of fathers' houses throughout their generations, chief men; these dwelt in Jerusalem.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֖ם
tôwlᵉdâh
H8435
“to/for · generations · their”
Preposition + Noun, Common, Feminine, Plural, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural
Part of Speech
Preposition + Noun
Type
Common
Gender
Feminine
Number
Plural
State
Construct
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H3205

TWOT: 867g

descendants, results, proceedings, generations, genealogies - account of men and their descendants - genealogical list of one's descendants - one's contemporaries - course of history (of creation etc) - begetting or account of heaven (metaphorically)
  1. אֵ֣לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 “these” Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural
  2. רָאשֵׁ֥י rôʼsh H7218 “heads of” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Construct
  3. אָב֛וֹת ʼâb H1 “fathers” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  4. רָאשִׁ֑ים rôʼsh H7218 “heads” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  5. אֵ֖לֶּה ʼêl-leh H428 “these” Pronoun, Demonstrative, Common, Plural
  6. יָשְׁב֥וּ yâshab H3427 “to dwell” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural
  7. בִירוּשָׁלִָֽם Yᵉrûwshâlaim H3389 “in/at · Jerusalem” Preposition + Noun, Proper

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8
words
6
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֖ם generations H8435 occurs in 39 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 1 verb
  • 5 nouns
  • 2 pronouns

Verb forms

  • יָשְׁב֥וּ Qal · Perfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • רָאשֵׁ֥י head H7218 ×2
  • אֵ֣לֶּה these H428 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 15 words from the Hebrew and 14 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 11 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

5

Topical passages linked to 1 Chronicles 8:28 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Judges 1:21 The children of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites who inhabited Jerusalem; but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
  • Joshua 15:63 As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah couldn't drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.
  • Joshua 18:28 and Zelah, Eleph, and the Jebusite (the same is Jerusalem), Gibeath, [and] Kiriath; fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families.
  • Nehemiah 11:1 The princes of the people lived in Jerusalem: the rest of the people also cast lots, to bring one of ten to dwell in Jerusalem the holy city, and nine parts in the [other] cities.
  • Nehemiah 11:7–9 These are the sons of Benjamin: Sallu the son of Meshullam, the son of Joed, the son of Pedaiah, the son of Kolaiah, the son of Maaseiah, the son of Ithiel, the son of Jeshaiah.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 1 Chronicles 8:28 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

אֵ֣לֶּה רָאשֵׁ֥י אָב֛וֹת לְתֹלְדוֹתָ֖ם רָאשִׁ֑ים אֵ֖לֶּה יָשְׁב֥וּ בִירוּשָׁלִָֽם

These were heads of fathers' [houses] throughout their generations, chief men: these lived in Jerusalem.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 1 Chronicles 8:28 Septuagint · lemma form

οὗτος ἄρχων πατριά κατά γένεσις αὐτός ἄρχων οὗτος καταοἰκέω ἐν ἰερουσαλήμ

These were heads of families, chiefs according to their generations: these lived in Jerusalem.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 1 Chronicles 8:28 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Joseph Benson's Commentary

1Ch 8:28. Heads of the fathers, &c: these dwelt at Jerusalem — All these named from 1Ch 8:14 to this place. Particular notice is taken of these, that others, at their return from captivity, might be induced to settle there too, which it seems few were willing to do, because it was the post of danger. Many great and mighty nations were then upon earth, and many illustrious men in them, whose names are buried in perpetual oblivion, while the names of multitudes of the Israel of God are here carefully preserved in everlasting remembrance: a figure of God’s writing the names of his spiritual Israel in the Lamb’s book of life.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

The chief of the tribe of Benjamin, that dwelt in Jerusalem.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

These dwelt in Jerusalem--The ordinary and stated inhabitants of Jerusalem were Judahites, Benjamites, and Levites. But at the time referred to here, the chiefs or heads of the principal families who are enumerated (Ch1 8:14-27) established themselves in the city after their return from the captivity.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 28. These were heads of the fathers] On the following verses Dr. Kennicott has laboured hard to restore the true reading. See his detailed comparison of these and their parallel passages in his Hebrew Bible, vol. ii., p. 667.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(28) These were . . . chief men.—These were: chiefs of clans; according to their birth-rolls, chiefs. All the names from 1Ch_8:14 to 1Ch_8:27 are included in this summation. The repetition of the word “chiefs” (Heb., heads) is peculiar. The writer can hardly have meant other than to warn his readers against the idea that the preceding names represent individual members of single families, whereas, in truth, they are “heads of clans.” (“Heads” in Hebrew may denote “companies,” or “divisions,” as at Jdg_7:16, “And he divided the three hundred men into three heads.”)

These dwelt in Jerusalem.—This statement contrasts the five branches of Benjamin, whose sub-divisions have just been enumerated, with the clans that dwelt in Geba and Manahath (1Ch_8:6), in Moab (1Ch_8:9-10), in Lod and Ono (1Ch_8:12), and in Ajalon (1Ch_8:13), as well as with those who dwelt in Gibeou. (1Ch_8:29).

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

28. of the fathers, by their generations] R.V. of fathers’ houses throughout their generations.

These dwelt in Jerusalem] i.e. in the writer’s day the heads of families enumerated in 1Ch_8:15-27 dwelt in Jerusalem. Cp. 1Ch_9:2-3; Neh_11:1-8. But the words may be a gloss brought in from 1Ch_9:34.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Ner begat Kish,.... Who also is called Abiel, as the Targum here adds; for Ner had two names, as other Jewish writers likewise say (r), see Sa1 9:1,

and Kish begat Saul; the first king of Israel, for whose sake chiefly the genealogy of Benjamin is revised and enlarged in this chapter:

and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal, see Sa1 31:2. Abinadab is called Ishui, Sa1 14:49 and Eshbaal is the same with Ishbosheth, Sa2 2:8, so Baal and Bosheth are used of the same idol of which they are names, Hos 9:10.

(r) Vajikra Rabba, sect. 9. fol. 152. 4.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

These dwelt in Jerusalem - Jerusalem was partly within the limits of the tribe of Benjamin Jos 18:28; but we do not hear of Benjamites inhabiting it until after the return from the captivity 1Ch 9:3; Neh 11:4.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Families. Hebrew, "These were heads of the fathers by their generations, chief men." (Protestants) (Haydock) --- Jerusalem, probably after the captivity. We find none of these names from ver. 14, in the days of Josue; and it was not easy for people to establish themselves at Jerusalem, till David had expelled the Jebusites. (Calmet) --- Yet we find that the tribes of Juda and Benjamin had seized the lower city long before, Josue xviii. 28. (Haydock)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

All these named from 1Ch 8:14, to this place.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

These dwelt in Jerusalem (Jos_18:28; 1 Chronicles. Neh_11:1-4)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Heads of the fathers, &c. - Particular notice is taken of these, that others, at their return from captivity, might be induced to settle there too, which it seems few were willing to do, because it was the post of danger. Many great and mighty nations were then upon earth, and many illustrious men in them, whose names are buried in perpetual oblivion, while the names of multitudes of the Israel of God, are here carefully preserved in everlasting remembrance: a figure of God's writing the names of his spiritual Israel, in the Lamb's book of life.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

And Ner begat Kish,.... Who also is called Abiel, as the Targum here adds; for Ner had two names, as other Jewish writers likewise say (r), see Sa1 9:1,

and Kish begat Saul; the first king of Israel, for whose sake chiefly the genealogy of Benjamin is revised and enlarged in this chapter:

and Saul begat Jonathan, and Malchishua, and Abinadab, and Eshbaal, see Sa1 31:2. Abinadab is called Ishui, Sa1 14:49 and Eshbaal is the same with Ishbosheth, Sa2 2:8, so Baal and Bosheth are used of the same idol of which they are names, Hos 9:10.

(r) Vajikra Rabba, sect. 9. fol. 152. 4.

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

1 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (6 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is tôwlᵉdâh (“generations”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “generations” (tôwlᵉdâh) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. How does Genesis 2:4, which shares the word «generations», read alongside this verse?
  3. What does the repetition of “head” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  4. The translations on this page render this verse differently — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment. What might account for the different wordings?
  5. «יָשְׁב֥וּ» is a Qal Perfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  6. Compare how Joseph Benson's Commentary and Geneva Bible (1599) read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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