אֶתְמוֹל
yesterday
also: recently, formerly fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 7 times (88%)
- Adverb 1 time (13%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 8 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H865 appears — 8 distinct verses across 5 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Samuel 4 verses
- 1 Samuel 4:7 אֶתְמ֥וֹל n c ms The Philistines were afraid, for they said, God is come into the camp. They said, Woe to us! for there has not been such a thing heretofore.
- 1 Samuel 10:11 מֵ/אִתְּמ֣וֹל prep + n c ms It happened, when all who knew him before saw that, behold, he prophesied with the prophets, then the people said one to another, What is this that is come to the son of Kish? Is Saul also among the prophets?
- 1 Samuel 14:21 כְּ/אֶתְמ֣וֹל prep + n c ms Now the Hebrews who were with the Philistines as before, and who went up with them into the camp, [from the country] round about, even they also [turned] to be with the Israelites who were with Saul and Jonathan.
- 1 Samuel 19:7 כְּ/אֶתְמ֥וֹל prep + n c ms Jonathan called David, and Jonathan showed him all those things. Jonathan brought David to Saul, and he was in his presence, as before.
2 Samuel 1 verse
Psalms 1 verse
Isaiah 1 verse
Micah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
The Hebrew verb אתמול centers on the idea of “yesterday.” 1 Samuel dominates its distribution — 4 of 8 verses. Spanning 8 verses in 5 books, it ranks among the uncommon words of the Hebrew Bible. Debuting at 1 Samuel 4:7, it then recurs through the corpus. BDB distinguishes 2 senses; alongside “yesterday” it spans “recently” and “formerly”. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H865 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 8
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 8 distinct verses.
- 5 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 5 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,625
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,625 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 8 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 8 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 7 verses · 88%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 13%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Before 1×, Beforetime 1×, Hath not been such a thing heretofore 1×
- American Standard Version: Beforetime 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Before 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Yesterday 4×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H865 across 8 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H865 across 8 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H865 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 5 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H865 across 8 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 4 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 2 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- yesterday, recently, formerly
- (TWOT +) before, before that time, before the time, heretofore, of late, of old, these days, time(s) past
Word origin
Derived from את (ʼêth) (H853) — -.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
אִיתְּמָל
- = h. אֶתְמוֹל yesterday. Targ. Ex. IV, 10; a. e.—Erub. 15ᵃ; a. e.
אֶתְמוֹל
- , v. הֲלָה) yesterday, on a previous occasion. Y. Bets. II, 61ᵇ bot.; a. fr.
אִתְּמוֹל
- ch., v. אִיתְּמָל
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 8 distinct written forms H865 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| אֶ֭תְמוֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 90:4 | 1 |
| אֶתְמ֣וֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 2 Samuel 5:2 | 1 |
| אֶתְמ֥וֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 1 Samuel 4:7 | 1 |
| וְ/אֶתְמ֗וּל | Adverb | Micah 2:8 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶתְמ֣וֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 1 Samuel 14:21 | 1 |
| כְּ/אֶתְמ֥וֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 1 Samuel 19:7 | 1 |
| מֵ/אִתְּמ֣וֹל | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 1 Samuel 10:11 | 1 |
| מֵֽ/אֶתְמוּל֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Isaiah 30:33 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H865, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 8 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 8 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
