Ezekiel 27:20

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Ezekiel 27:20 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Ezekiel 27:20 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/ezekiel/27/20.

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English Translation
Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 2 hapax legomena — only here in the Hebrew Bible
  • 2 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Dedan was your dealer in fine saddle blankets.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was your merchant in saddlecloths for riding.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was your merchant in saddlecloths for riding.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    They of Dedan were thy marchants in precious clothes for the charets.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    The men of Dedan were thy merchants in tapestry for seats.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    Dedan `is' thy merchant, For clothes of freedom for riding.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Dedan [is] your merchant, || For clothes of freedom for riding.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Dedan was your dealer in fine saddle blankets.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    Dedan was your dealer in fine saddle blankets.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was thy trafficker in precious riding-cloths.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    “‘“Dedan was your merchant in precious saddle blankets for riding.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Dedan was thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Dedan traded with you, providing riding blankets.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    Dedan did trade with you in cloths for the backs of horses.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    Dedan was thy trafficker in precious cloths for riding.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

5
words
5
distinct lemmas
Prophets
section

Notable vocabulary

2 hapax legomena — words that appear only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • חֹ֖פֶשׁ saddle H2667
  • לְרִכְבָּֽה riding H7396

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • חֹ֖פֶשׁ saddle H2667
  • לְרִכְבָּֽה riding H7396

Shared distinctive vocabulary

דְּדָן֙ Dedan H1719 occurs in 10 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 1 verb
  • 4 nouns

Verb forms

  • רֹֽכַלְתֵּ֔ךְ Qal · Participle Active

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 9 words from the Hebrew and 12 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 5 Hebrew tokens and 8 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

2

Topical passages linked to Ezekiel 27:20 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 25:3 Jokshan became the father of Sheba, and Dedan. The sons of Dedan were Asshurim, Letushim, and Leummim.
  • Ezekiel 27:15 The men of Dedan were your traffickers; many isles were the market of your hand: they brought you in exchange horns of ivory and ebony.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ezekiel 27:20 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

דְּדָן֙ רֹֽכַלְתֵּ֔ךְ בְבִגְדֵי חֹ֖פֶשׁ לְרִכְבָּֽה

Dedan was your trafficker in precious cloths for riding.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ezekiel 27:20 Septuagint · lemma form

δαιδαν ἔμπορος σύ μετά κτῆνος ἐκλεκτός εἰς ἅρμα

The people of Daedan were your merchants, with choice cattle for chariots.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Pulpit Commentary discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    מִן דְדָן מַיְתַן סְחוֹרָא לְגַוִיךְ בִּלְבוּשׁ דִיקָר לִרְתִיכִין:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Ezekiel 27:20 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Eze 27:20 Dedan [was] thy merchant in precious clothes for chariots.

Ver. 20. in precious clothes.] Heb., Clothes of freedom, such as are worn by gallants and magnificos.

For chariots.] Or, Saddles or trappings, ad vehiculum for carriages.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Tyndale Open Study Notes

Tyndale Open Resources

27:20-21 Kedar was a region of Arabia named for a son of Ishmael (Gen 25:13).

Tyndale Open Study Notes — © Tyndale Open Resources, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

Dedan--in Arabia; distinct from the Dedan in Eze 27:15 (see on Eze 27:15). Descended from Abraham and Keturah (Gen 25:3) [BOCHART].

precious clothes--splendid coverlets.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 20. Dedan] Possibly the descendants of Dedan, son of Raamah, see Ge 10:7.

In precious clothes for chariots.] Either fine carpets, or rich housings for horses, camels, &c., used for riding.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(20) Dedan.—See note on Eze_27:15. “Precious clothes,” literally, clothes of spreading, by which saddlecloths are probably meant.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

20. On Dedan cf. Eze_27:15; Gen_25:3; Eze_25:13.

precious clothes for chariots] Or, saddle cloths for riding.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Arabia, and all the princes of Kedar,.... Arabia was a large country, divided into three parts, Arabia Deserts, or the desert; Arabia Petraea, or the rocky; and Arabia Felix, or the happy. Kedar was in Arabia Petrea; its inhabitants were called Kedarenes, descended from Kedar, a son of Ishmael, Gen 25:13, they were chiefly shepherds, and dwelt in tents, to which the allusion is in Sol 1:5, these princes were the rich and wealthy among them, who bought up the cattle of the meaner sort, and brought them to Tyre. In Jerom's time Kedar was the country of the Saracens. The Targum calls them the princes of Nebat, the same with Nebajoth, the firstborn of Ishmael, and brother of Kedar, Gen 25:13.

They occupied with thee: or, "they were the merchants of thine hand (w)"; that took off her manufactures from her, in lieu of "the lambs, and rams, and goats", they brought to market, for her food and sacrifices; keeping of sheep being their chief employment: "in these were they thy merchants": they supplied them with their cattle, and took their wares of them for them.

(w) "negotiatores manus tuae", V. L. Pagninus, Montanus; "mercatores manna tuae", Cocceius, Starckius.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Seats, such as the Turks still use, or to throw over horses instead of saddles.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Dedan, the posterity of Abraham by Keturah, who dwelt in Arabia, and were sheep-masters, and no doubt knew how to snake fine clothes of their wool.

Precious clothes, with which they lined their chariots, and covered them; also they used them for saddle-cloths, &c.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

20. Dedan — See Eze_27:15 and Eze_25:13.

Precious cloths for chariots — R.V., “for riding;” saddlecloths. (See R.V., Jdg_5:10.)

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Dedan (see Ver. 15). Here probably we have another portion of the same race. The precious clothes for riding (Revised Version) were probably of the nature of the carpets used then as now as saddle-cloths the ephippia of the Greeks in Persia and other parts of Asia. Compare "ye that sit on rich carpels," in Jud_1:5:10 (Revised Version). So the Vulgate, tapetibus ad sedendum. The LXX gives kthnh ekleta, as though it referred to horses.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Dedan - The posterity of Abraham by Keturah, who dwelt in Arabia, and were sheep-masters. Clothes - With which they lined their chariots.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

in precious raiments for chariots [lit. in raiments of freedom for riding, translated according to the Targum as] in precious raiments for chariots.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ezekiel, in the Prophets, opens this verse with 5 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Chôphesh (“saddle”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word Chôphesh carries the sense “saddle.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. This verse holds 2 words here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare words draw attention to?
  3. 2 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  4. Genesis 10:7 shares the word «Dedan» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  5. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  6. The verb «רֹֽכַלְתֵּ֔ךְ» is Qal Participle Active. How does its form color the action?
  7. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Tyndale Open Study Notes read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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