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2 Kings 9:23

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 2 Kings 9:23 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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2 Kings 9:23 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/2-kings/9/23.

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English Translation
Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, Ahaziah.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, Ahaziah.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Jehoram turned his hands and fled, and he said to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, Ahaziah.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Joram turned around and fled, calling out to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Joram turned around and fled, calling out to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    Then Iehoram turned his hand, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, O Ahaziah, there is treason.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hand, and fleeing, said to Ochozias: There is treachery, Ochozias.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    And Jehoram turneth his hands, and fleeth, and saith unto Ahaziah, `Deceit, O Ahaziah!'
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Jehoram turns his hands and flees, and says to Ahaziah, “Deceit, O Ahaziah!”
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    So Joram turned his chariot and fled and said to Ahaziah, “There is treachery, Ahaziah.”
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And Jehoram turned his hands and fled, and he said to Ahaziah, “Treachery, Ahaziah!”
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    Then Joram turned his hand, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, Treachery, Ahaziah!
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    Joram turned his hands and fled, and said to Ahaziah, “This is treason, Ahaziah!”
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Joram turned around and raced away, shouting out to Ahaziah, “It's treason, Ahaziah!”
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    Then Joram, turning his horses in flight, said to Ahaziah, Broken faith, O Ahaziah!
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah: 'There is treachery, O Ahaziah.'

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

Word by word

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יְהוֹרָ֛ם
Yᵉhôwrâm
H3088
“Jehoram”
Noun, Proper
Part of Speech
Noun
Type
Proper
Full BDB Definition

Origin: from H3068 and H7311

TWOT: None

Jehoram or Joram = "Jehovah is exalted" - son of king Jehoshaphat of Judah and himself king of Judah for 8 years; his wife was the wicked Athaliah who was probably the instigator for his returning the nation of Judah to the worship of Baal - son of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel and king of Israel himself for 12 years; he was murdered by Jehu on the plot of land for which his father had murdered Naboth thus fulfilling the prophecy of Elijah to the very letter - a priest in the reign of Jehoshaphat
  1. וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ hâphak H2015 “and · to overturn” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. יָדָ֖יו yâd H3027 “hands · his” Noun, Common, Both, Dual, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  3. וַיָּנֹ֑ס nûwç H5127 “and · to flee” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  4. וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ʼâmar H559 “and · to say” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  5. אֶל ʼêl H413 “to” Preposition
  6. אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ ʼĂchazyâh H274 “Ahaziah” Noun, Proper
  7. מִרְמָ֥ה mirmâh H4820 “deceit” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  8. אֲחַזְיָֽה ʼĂchazyâh H274 “Ahaziah” Noun, Proper

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

9
words
8
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Shared distinctive vocabulary

יְהוֹרָ֛ם Jehoram H3088 occurs in 26 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 3 verbs
  • 5 nouns
  • 1 preposition

Verb forms

  • וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיָּנֹ֑ס Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיֹּ֥אמֶר Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ Ahaziah H274 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 14 words from the Hebrew and 13 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 9 Hebrew tokens and 14 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

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Cross-references

2

Topical passages linked to 2 Kings 9:23 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • 2 Kings 11:14 and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by the pillar, as the manner was, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and cried, Treason! treason!
  • 2 Chronicles 23:13 and she looked, and, behold, the king stood by his pillar at the entrance, and the captains and the trumpets by the king; and all the people of the land rejoiced, and blew trumpets; the singers also [played] on instruments of music, and led the singing of praise. Then Athaliah tore her clothes, and said, Treason! treason!

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Kings 9:23 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ יְהוֹרָ֛ם יָדָ֖יו וַיָּנֹ֑ס וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֶל אֲחַזְיָ֖הוּ מִרְמָ֥ה אֲחַזְיָֽה

Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, Ahaziah.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Kings 9:23 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ἐπιστρέφω ιωραμ ὁ χείρ αὐτός ὁ φεύγω καί εἶπον πρός οχοζιας δόλος οχοζιας

And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ochozias, Treachery, Ochozias.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וְאִתְחַזַר יְהוֹרָם לַאֲחוֹרוֹהִי וְאַפַּךְ וַאֲמַר לַאֲחַזְיָהוּ נִיכְלָא אֲחַזְיָה:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on 2 Kings 9:23 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Ki 9:23 And Joram turned his hands, and fled, and said to Ahaziah, [There is] treachery, O Ahaziah.

Ver. 23. And fled.] But divine vengeance, which the Greeks call Aδραστεια, because there is no fleeing from it, had him in chase, and there was no escaping.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

2Ki 9:23-24. Joram turned his hands — Or the reins of his chariot; and said, There is treachery, O Ahaziah — Jehu is our enemy: it is time for us to shift for our safety. Jehu drew a bow and smote Jehoram between his arms — Or shoulders, when he was turned or turning back, the chariot being probably open behind, as many times they were. The arrow went out at his heart — It was one of God’s arrows, which he ordained against the persecutor, and it killed him on the spot. Cast him in the portion of the field of Naboth — He died a criminal under the sentence of God, which Jehu, the executioner thereof, pursues in the disposal of the dead body. When I and thou rode together after Ahab, &c. — Probably when Ahab went in his chariot, attended with his nobles or chief officers, of which these were two, to take a formal and solemn possession of Naboth’s land: for then the Prophet Elijah met him, and denounced this judgment against him, (1Ki 21:17-21,) which was extended to his son. The Lord laid this burden upon him — This predicted punishment: prophecies of calamities to come upon individuals or nations are frequently termed burdens in the Scriptures.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 23. There is treachery, O Ahaziah.] This was the first intimation he had of it: he feels for the safety of his friend Ahaziah, and now they fly for their lives.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(23) And Joram turned his hands—i.e., turned the horses round. (Comp. 1Ki_22:34.)

There is treachery.—Literally, Guile, or fraud, Ahaziah! Joram shouted these two words of warning to his companion as he was turning his horses to fly.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

23. Joram turned his hands] i.e. Wheeled his chariot about to go in a contrary direction. Cf. 1Ki_22:34.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Surely I have seen yesterday the blood of Naboth,.... These are the words of the Lord to Elijah the day after Naboth was put to death:

and the blood of his sons, said the Lord; who were put to death with him, that there might be no heirs to the estate:

and I will requite thee in this place: take vengeance here, as he now did on his son:

now therefore take and cast him into the plat of ground, according to the word of the Lord; whereby it would be fulfilled, see Kg1 21:19, more is here recited than there, which Jehu well remembered.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Turned his hands - The meaning is that Joram ordered his charioteer to turn round and drive back to the town.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Hand. Or ordered his charioteer to flee with all speed. (Menochius)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Joram turned his hands; either that therewith he might turn the reins of the chariot, or that by this motion he might direct his charioteer to turn it from Jehu.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Ver. 23-26. Murder of Jehoram by Jehu.

And Joram tamed his hands, and fled. Joram made his charioteer turn the chariot suddenly round, and fled by the way by which he had come. "Turning the hands" is turning the chariot round by means of the hands; and Joram is said to have done that which he caused to be done.

And said to Ahaziah, There is treachery, O Ahaziah. Mirmah is "deceit" or "fraud" of any kind, and here is not ill rendered by "treachery." Jehu"s conduct was not justified by the mission given him (vers. 6-10), which certainly did not authorize him to commit a treacherous murder.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

turned his chariot and fled

"turned his chariot around to try to flee"

treachery

trickery or deception

with his full strength

"with all of his strength" or "with all of his power"

he sank down in his chariot

Joram died from being shot with arrow. AT: "Joram fell down dead in his chariot" (See: Assumed Knowledge and Implicit Information)

translationWords

bow and arrow

heart

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Kings, in the Historical, opens this verse with 9 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Yᵉhôwrâm (“Jehoram”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. The word Yᵉhôwrâm carries the sense “Jehoram.” How does it shape the verse?
  2. 1 Kings 22:50 shares the word «Jehoram» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  3. “Ahaziah” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  4. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  5. The verb «וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Joseph Benson's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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Shown beneath each verse's original-language words.

Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

Comparing translations? Open the Compare panel on any verse page to stack up to four side by side.