2 Chronicles 26:10

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) 2 Chronicles 26:10 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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2 Chronicles 26:10 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/2-chronicles/26/10.

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English Translation
He built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: [and he had] farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved farming.
World English Bible · Public Domain
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  • 1 first appearance in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    He built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: [and he had] farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved farming.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And he built towers in the wilderness, and he dug out many cisterns, for much cattle was to him, both in the lowlands and in the plains, and plowmen and vinedressers in the hills and in Carmel, for a lover of the ground he was.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

3 of 4 selected

Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    He built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: [and he had] farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved farming.
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Since he had much livestock in the foothills and in the plain, he built towers in the desert and dug many cisterns. And since he was a lover of the soil, he had farmers and vinedressers in the hill country and in the fertile fields.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Since he had much livestock in the foothills and in the plain, he built towers in the desert and dug many cisterns. And since he was a lover of the soil, he had farmers and vinedressers in the hill country and in the fertile fields.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry.
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    And he built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: `and he had' husbandmen and vinedressers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved husbandry.
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    And he built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: and he had husbandmen and vinedressers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved husbandry.
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And he built towres in the wildernesse, and digged many cisternes: for he had much cattell both in the valleyes and playnes, plowmen, and dressers of vines in the mountaines, and in Carmel: for he loued husbandrie.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And he built towers in the wilderness, and dug many cisterns, for he had much cattle both in the plains, and in the waste of the desert: he had also vineyards and dressers of vines in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he was a man that loved husbandry.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and he buildeth towers in the wilderness, and diggeth many wells, for he had much cattle, both in the low country and in the plain, husbandmen and vine-dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel; for he was a lover of the ground.
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and he builds towers in the wilderness, and digs many wells, for he had much livestock, both in the low country and in the plain, farmers and vinedressers in the mountains, and in Carmel; for he was a lover of the ground.
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    He built watchtowers in the wilderness and dug many cisterns, for he had much cattle, in the lowlands as well as in the plains. He had farmers and vine growers in the hill country and in the fruitful fields, for he loved farming.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    And he built towers in the wilderness, and he dug out many cisterns, for much cattle was to him, both in the lowlands and in the plains, and plowmen and vinedressers in the hills and in Carmel, for a lover of the ground he was.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    And he built towers in the desert and digged many cisterns; for he had much cattle, both in the lowland and on the plateau, husbandmen [also] and vinedressers on the mountains and in Carmel; for he loved husbandry.
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    He built towers in the wilderness, and dug out many cisterns, for he had much livestock, both in the lowlands and in the plains. He had farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields, for he loved farming.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had many cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen also, and vine-dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry.
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    He also built towers in the desert and cut many water cisterns out of the rock, because he had a great deal of livestock in the foothills and on the plains. He had farmers and vineyard workers in the hills and in the fertile lowlands, for he loved the soil.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And he put up towers in the waste land and made places for storing water, for he had much cattle, in the low hills and in the table land; and he had farmers and vine-keepers in the mountains and in the fertile land, for he was a lover of farming.
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    And be built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the Lowland also, and in the table-land; and he had husbandmen and vinedressers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved husbandry.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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וְכֹֽרְמִ֗ים
kôrêm
H3755
“and · vinedressers”
Conjunction + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
Part of Speech
Conjunction + Noun
Type
Common
Gender
Masculine
Number
Plural
State
Absolute
Full BDB Definition

Origin: act. participle of an imaginary denominative from H3754

TWOT: 1040

to tend vines or vineyards, to dress vines or vineyards - (Qal) vinedressers (participle)
  1. וַיִּ֨בֶן bânâh H1129 “and · to build” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  2. מִגְדָּלִ֜ים migdâl H4026 “towers” Noun, Common, Both, Plural, Absolute
  3. בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר midbâr H4057 “in/at the · wilderness” Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  4. וַיַּחְצֹב֙ châtsab H2672 “and · to hew” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  5. בֹּר֣וֹת bôwr H953 “pits” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  6. רַבִּ֔ים rab H7227 “many” Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  7. כִּ֤י kîy H3588 “that” Conjunction
  8. מִקְנֶה miqneh H4735 “cattle” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  9. רַּב֙ rab H7227 “many” Adjective, Adjective, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  10. הָ֣יָה hâyâh H1961 “to be” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
  11. וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה shᵉphêlâh H8219 “and · in/at the · valley” Conjunction + Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  12. וּבַמִּישׁ֑וֹר mîyshôwr H4334 “and · in/at the · plain” Conjunction + Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  13. אִכָּרִ֣ים ʼikkâr H406 “plowmen” Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  14. בֶּהָרִים֙ har H2022 “in/at the · mountains” Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Plural, Absolute
  15. וּבַכַּרְמֶ֔ל Karmel H3760 “and · in/at the · Carmel” Conjunction + Preposition, Determined + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  16. כִּֽי kîy H3588 “that” Conjunction
  17. אֹהֵ֥ב ʼâhab H157 “loving” Verb, Qal, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
  18. אֲדָמָ֖ה ʼădâmâh H127 “ground” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
  19. הָיָֽה hâyâh H1961 “to be” Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

21
words
17
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is וְכֹֽרְמִ֗ים vinedresser H3755 — appearing just 5 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • אִכָּרִ֣ים plowman H406

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וְכֹֽרְמִ֗ים vinedresser H3755 occurs in 5 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 5 verbs
  • 11 nouns
  • 2 adjectives
  • 1 preposition
  • 2 conjunctions

Verb forms

  • וַיִּ֨בֶן Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • וַיַּחְצֹב֙ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
  • הָ֣יָה Qal · Perfect
  • אֹהֵ֥ב Qal · Participle Active
  • הָיָֽה Qal · Perfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • רַבִּ֔ים many H7227 ×2
  • הָ֣יָה to be H1961 ×2
  • כִּ֤י that H3588 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 43 words from the Hebrew and 38 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 21 Hebrew tokens and 33 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

5

Topical passages linked to 2 Chronicles 26:10 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Genesis 26:18–21 Isaac dug again the wells of water, which they had dug in the days of Abraham his father. For the Philistines had stopped them after the death of Abraham. He called their names after the names by which his father had called them.
  • Isaiah 29:17 Is it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest?
  • 2 Kings 3:4 Now Mesha king of Moab was a sheep-master; and he rendered to the king of Israel the wool of one hundred thousand lambs, and of one hundred thousand rams.
  • 2 Kings 19:23 By your messengers you have defied the Lord, and have said, With the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars of it, and the choice fir trees of it; and I will enter into his farthest lodging-place, the forest of his fruitful field.
  • 1 Chronicles 27:26–31 Over those who did the work of the field for tillage of the ground was Ezri the son of Chelub:

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Chronicles 26:10 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיִּ֨בֶן מִגְדָּלִ֜ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר וַיַּחְצֹב֙ בֹּר֣וֹת רַבִּ֔ים כִּ֤י מִקְנֶה רַּב֙ הָ֣יָה ל֔וֹ וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֖ה וּבַמִּישׁ֑וֹר אִכָּרִ֣ים וְכֹֽרְמִ֗ים בֶּהָרִים֙ וּבַכַּרְמֶ֔ל כִּֽי אֹהֵ֥ב אֲדָמָ֖ה הָיָֽה

He built towers in the wilderness, and hewed out many cisterns, for he had much cattle; in the lowland also, and in the plain: [and he had] farmers and vineyard keepers in the mountains and in the fruitful fields; for he loved farming.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Chronicles 26:10 Septuagint · lemma form

καί οἰκοδομέω πύργος ἐν ὁ ἐρῆμος καί λατομέω λάκκος πολύς ὅτι κτῆνος πολύς ὑποἄρχω αὐτός ἐν σεφηλα καί ἐν ὁ πεδεινός καί ἀμπελουργός ἐν ὁ ὀρεινή καί ἐν ὁ κάρμηλος ὅτι φιλογέωργος εἰμί

And he built towers in the wilderness, and dug many wells, for he had many cattle in the low country and in the plain; and vinedressers in the mountain country and in Carmel: for he was a husbandman.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 2 Chronicles 26:10 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

2Ch 26:10 Also he built towers in the desert, and digged many wells: for he had much cattle, both in the low country, and in the plains: husbandmen [also], and vine dressers in the mountains, and in Carmel: for he loved husbandry.

Ver. 10. For he loved husbandry.] So did the ancient patriarchs and the old Romans, who held it commendation enough for a man to be called and counted a good ploughman; and sent for senators, yea, generals from the plough, as Cincinnatus, Senanus, and others. {a} Solomon saith that the king’s throne is upheld by husbandry: and Socrates called it Amaltheae cornu, the horn of plenty.

{a} Cicero De Senect. Antoninus Pius was a great lover of husbandry.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Biblical Illustrator

Joseph S. Exell

2Ch_26:10-11

For he loved husbandry.

We cannot always follow the pursuits we love

Is there anything more distressing than to be compelled to do the thing we have no heart for? Many a man in the city would leave his occupation to-morrow if he could find bread in the thing he really loves. And many men are in positions that look lofty, and that are amply rewarded, for which they care nothing; they would rather be at home attending to the garden, watching the bees, reading noble books. But we cannot do what we would like to do. Herein is part of our discipline, which is part of our education. We must have the will broken somewhere. No man can reach the full stature of his manhood, and realise all that is sweetest in life, until his will has been cut right in two. (J. Parker, D. D.)

The Biblical Illustrator, edited by Joseph S. Exell (c. 1880s–1900s) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

2Ch 26:10-11. He built towers in the desert — Partly to guard his cattle from the inroads and depredations which the Arabians were accustomed to make: and partly to give notice of the approach of any enemy, and to put some stop to their march on that side. Uzziah had an army that went out to war by bands — Some bands at one time, and some at another, as occasion required.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

Or, pits.

That is, in mount Carmel, or as the word signifieth in the fruitful field: it is also taken for a green ear of corn, when it is full, as Lev. 2:14.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown

Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset & David Brown

Also he built towers in the desert--for the threefold purpose of defense, of observation, and of shelter to his cattle. He dug also a great many wells, for he loved and encouraged all branches of agriculture. Some of these "were in the desert," that is, in the district to the southeast of Jerusalem, on the west of the Dead Sea, an extensive grazing district "in the low country" lying between the mountains of Judah and the Mediterranean; "and in the plains," east of the Jordan, within the territory of Reuben (Deu 4:43; Jos 20:8).

in Carmel--This mountain, being within the boundary of Israel, did not belong to Uzziah; and as it is here placed in opposition to the vine-bearing mountains, it is probably used, not as a proper name, but to signify, as the word denotes, "fruitful fields" (Margin).

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (1871) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 10. Built towers in the desert] For the defence of his flocks, and his shepherds and husbandmen.

And in Carmel] Calmet remarks that there were two Carmels in Judea: one in the tribe of Judah, where Nabal lived, and the other on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, near to Kishon; and both fertile in vines.

He loved husbandry.] This is a perfection in a king: on husbandry every state depends. Let their trade or commerce be what they may, there can be no true national prosperity if agriculture do not prosper; for the king himself is served by the field. When, therefore, the king of a country encourages agriculture, an emulation is excited among his subjects; the science is cultivated; and the earth yields its proper increase; then, should trade and commerce fail, the people cannot be reduced to wretchedness, because there is plenty of bread.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(10) In the desert.—Or, grazing country, i.e., the “wilderness of Judah,” on the west of the Dead Sea. The towers were for the protection of the royal herds against the predatory Bedawin. (Comp. Mic_4:8 : “And thou, O tower of the flock.”)

Digged many wells.—Hewed out many cisterns; to supply his herds with water.

For he had much cattle.—Scil, there, in the wilderness of Judah. But perhaps we should render thus: “For he had much cattle; and in the lowland and in the plain he had husbandmen; and vinedressers in the mountains and in the glebe land.” So Syriac.

Both in the low country.—And in the lowland of Judah; the Shephçlah, between the hills and the Mediterranean.

And in the plains.—Plain (mîshôr). “The Plain,” par excellence, appears to mean the high level east of the Dead Sea and Jordan (Deu_4:43; Jos_20:8). This was the territory of Reuben, which Uzziah probably recovered from Moab and Ammon (2Ch_26:8). (Comp. Isa_16:1, from which it appears that the kings of Judah at this epoch claimed sovereignty over the country on the eastern side of the Jordan.)

And in Carmel.—Or, the fruitful field, the glebe land (Isa_29:17; Isa_32:15).

With the whole verse Comp. the account of David’s agricultural and pastoral wealth (1Ch_27:25-31).

He loved husbandry.—A lover of land was he, i.e., of the soil. (Comp. the expression, “man of the land,” i.e., husbandman, Gen_9:20.)

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

10. the desert] R.V. the wilderness (where the pastures were: cp. Psa_65:12).

digged many wells] R.V. hewed out many cisterns.

both in the low country, and in the plains] R.V. in the lowland also, and in the plain (mg. table land). For the “lowland” (Heb. Shephçlah) see 2Ch_1:15 (note). “The table land” (Heb. Mishor) is the name of the high pasture lands east of Jordan; apparently the part occupied by the Ammonites whom Uzziah had subdued is meant here.

husbandmen also] R.V. and he had husbandmen.

Carmel] R.V. the fruitful fields. “Carmel” is not always a proper name, nor does it always refer to the well-known mountain. In 1Sa_25:2 it designates a spot in the south of Judah near Maon; in 2Ki_19:23 “of his Carmel” (A.V.) should be “of his fruitful field” (R.V.).

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Moreover, Uzziah had an host of fighting men,.... A standing army:

that went out to war by bands; to annoy his enemies, and to scour the country from thieves and robbers, that came in troops to plunder:

according to the number of their account, by the hand of Jeiel the scribe; the secretary of war, who ordered these bands, settled their number, and directed their destination:

and Maaseiah the ruler; or officer over them, a lieutenant:

under the hand of Hananiah, one of the king's captains; that had the command of them, or at least of one of them.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

He built towers in the desert - Refuges for the flocks and the herdsmen in the wild pasture country on the borders of the holy land, especially toward the south and southeast.

Wells - The marginal translation is preferable. Judaea depends largely for its water-supply on reservoirs in which the rain-fall is stored. These are generally cut in the natural rock, and covered at top.

For he had much cattle ... - Some prefer, “for he had much cattle there, and in the low country, and on the dawns,” with allusion to three pasture districts:

(1) The “wilderness,” or high tract to the south and southeast, extending from the western shores of the Dead Sea to the vicinity of Beersheba;

(2) The “low country,” or maritime plain on the west, between the hills of Judaea and the sea; and

(3) The “downs,” or rich grazing land beyond the Jordan, on the plateau of Gilead. Uzziah’s possession of this last-named district must have been connected with the submission of the Ammonites (see 2Ch 26:8).

In the mountains, and in Carmel - These terms describe Judaea Proper - the hilly tract between the low maritime plain on the one side, and the wilderness and Jordan valley on the other. By “Carmel” we must understand, not the mountain of that name, which belonged to Samaria, but the cultivated portions of the Judaean hill-tract (see the margin).

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Wilderness, for the protection of shepherds, 4 K. xvii. 9. --- Plains. Heb. "valleys, and in the plains husbandmen, and vinedressers in the mountains, and in Carmel; for he loved the earth, or husbandry," like David, 1 Paralipomenon xvii. 25., &c. --- Carmel, means, "the vine of God;" as both the mount in Juda, where Nabal resided, and that on the Mediterranean Sea, were famous for wine. Ozias probably cultivated the former mountain. C.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

He built towers in the desert; partly to guard his cattle from the inroads and depredations which the Arabians were accustomed to make; and partly to give notice of the approach of any enemy, and to give some stop to their march on that side.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

10. Towers in… desert — Such towers were a necessity on exposed frontiers, where marauding parties were wont to surprise and plunder all who kept not a lookout against such plunderers. Compare 2Ch_20:24; 2Ki_9:17; 2Ki_17:9.

Digged many wells — Better as the margin, cut out many cisterns. In a desert country, where there are no springs, it was necessary to form such cisterns to catch and hold rain water, which falls in Palestine only in winter months.

The low country — The Shephelah, or plain of Philistia, whose territory Uzziah had conquered, 2Ch_26:6.

The plains — Hebrew, the mishor; the upland plateau beyond the Jordan.

In Carmel — In this connexion the margin is the better rendering, in the fruitful fields, for Mount Carmel was not under Uzziah’s control.

He loved husbandry — Literally, loved the ground; but the common version gives the true sense. The whole verse testifies to the agricultural enterprise of Uzziah.

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Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Towers in the desert; Hebrew, rB; zMiB; the rendering should be the usual one of "wilderness." This was the cattle-pasture west and south-west of the Dead Sea. The towers were needed for forts of observation against marauding and cattle-robbing incursions, as well as for shelter in some attacks. Many wells; Hebrew, twOrOB. These were not springs, but rather, as in the margin, tanks and cisterns. Carmel. It is not probable that this is the proper name. The translation of Carmel is "fertile field." As a proper name it occurs about twenty times, from Jos_12:22 Jos_15:55 Jos_19:26; on to Amo_1:2 Amo_9:3; and perhaps Mic_7:14; and as not a proper name it occurs about twenty times also; the "fruitful field," e.g., of Isa_29:17 Isa_32:15 shows in the Hebrew text lmrKh. The aspect of this verse is very picturesque, and the picturesqueness very pleasant, with its low country and pasturing cattle, its plains and their herds, its hills and their vines, all quickened into life by the mention of towers and wells, husbandmen and vine-dressers, and finished off by the home-touch that this king"s partiality looked to agricultural and pastoral pursuits.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Towers - To guard his cattle from the inroads which the Arabians were accustomed to make: and to give notice of the approach of any enemy.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

plowmen - Heb. אִכָּרִים, aratkori in Italian, plowmen.

for he loved the soil It is explained in Genesis Rabbah (See 22:3): Two had a passion for agriculture, and no good was found in them: he and Cain.

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 21 words (17 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is kôrêm (“vinedresser”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “vinedresser” (kôrêm) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. This is the first place “plowman” appears in Scripture (first appears here). What does its debut here establish?
  3. How does 2 Kings 25:12, which shares the word «vinedresser», read alongside this verse?
  4. What does the repetition of “many” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
  5. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  6. «וַיִּ֨בֶן» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
  7. Compare how Trapp's Complete Commentary and The Biblical Illustrator read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

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Old Testament
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