רָקַד
to dance
‘to dance’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem.
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”).
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘skip about’
Form
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
Number
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H7540 appears in the Book of 1 Chronicles — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Chronicles
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
“to dance” is the headline sense of the Hebrew verb רקד (râqad). First canonically at 1 Chronicles 15:29, it enters the text early. It appears 9 verses across 7 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its uncommon vocabulary. More than a third of its appearances fall in Psalms. Read the stem: it spans 3 stems, including Qal and Piel. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7540 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 9
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 9 distinct verses.
- 7 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 7 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,481
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,481 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 9 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Psalms 3 verses 33%
- 1 Chronicles 1 verse 11%
- Job 1 verse 11%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 9 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 6 verses · 67%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 3 verses · 33%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Dance 2×
- American Standard Version: Dance 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Bounding 1×, Dance 1×, Dancing 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Dance 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7540 across 9 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 7 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7540 across 9 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 7 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7540 across 9 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7540 across 10 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 3 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- skip about
Piel
- . dance, leap
Hiphil
- . he (י׳) made them skip like calves
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
רָקַד vb. skip about
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
רָקַד
- (b. h.), Pi. רִקֵּד
- 1. to dance. Bets. V, 2 ולא מְרַקְּדִין nor dare you dance (on the Sabbath and Holy Days). Keth. 16ᵇ רִקְּדוּ לפניה (or רָקְדוּ) if there is evidence that they danced before her (at the wedding procession, which proves that she married a virgin). Ib. bot. כיצד מְרַקְּדִין לפני הכלה what do we sing in her praise when dancing before a bride? Num. R. s. 2011 בשעה … השטן מְרַקֵּד לו וכ׳ when a man plans a sin, Satan dances to him (cheering him), until he has done it; a. fr.—V. רִיקּוּד.
- 2. to sift, v. infra.
- to shake (in the sieve), to sift. Y. Ber. IX, 13ᶜ top; Tosef. Ber. VII (VI), 2. Y. Shebi. V, end, 36ᵃ לא … מַרְקִידִין עמו you must not winnow, or grind, or sift flour together with him. Sabb. VII, 2 (73ᵃ) המְרַקֵּד he who sifts flour (on the Sabbath); a. fr.
רְקַד
- Pa. רַקֵּד same, to dance. Targ. II Sam. VI, 16.—Y. Ḥag. II, 77ᵇ שרון מטפחין ומְרַקְּדִין (not ומרקדקין) they began to clap and dance. Koh. R. to III, 2 לית … עד דאת מְרַקֵּיד וכ׳ thou shalt not move from here, until thou dancest a little for us. Gen. R. s. 63; a. fr.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 9 distinct written forms H7540 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| וַ/יַּרְקִידֵ֥/ם | Verb, Hiphil, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Psalms 29:6 | 1 |
| יְרַקְּדוּ | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural | Isaiah 13:21 | 1 |
| יְרַקֵּד֔וּ/ן | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural | Joel 2:5 | 1 |
| יְרַקֵּדֽוּ/ן | Verb, Piel, Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural | Job 21:11 | 1 |
| מְרַקֵּ֣ד | Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | 1 Chronicles 15:29 | 1 |
| מְרַקֵּדָֽה | Verb, Piel, Participle Active, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Nahum 3:2 | 1 |
| רְקֽוֹד | Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct | Ecclesiastes 3:4 | 1 |
| רָקְד֣וּ | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Common, Plural | Psalms 114:4 | 1 |
| תִּרְקְד֣וּ | Verb, Qal, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural | Psalms 114:6 | 1 |
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 9 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 9 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
