דָּקַק
to crush
also: pulverise, thresh fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”).
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘crush’
- Hophal
- The passive counterpart of the Hiphil (“he was caused to…”).
Form
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Perfect
- A perfect with prefixed waw continuing a preceding imperfect or command (waw-consecutive perfect).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
- Infinitive Construct
- A bound verbal noun, frequently with prepositions (“to write / in writing”).
- Infinitive Absolute
- An unbound verbal noun, often intensifying or standing in for a finite verb.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
- 1st Person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
- Common
- Either gender — not distinguished for this form.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H1854 appears in the Book of Isaiah — 2 distinct verses. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Isaiah
- Isaiah 28:28 יוּדָ֔ק יְדֻקֶּֽ/נּוּ Hophal impf 3ms Qal impf 3ms + sfx pers 3ms Bread [grain] is ground; for he will not be always threshing it: and though the wheel of his cart and his horses scatter it, he does not grind it.
- Isaiah 41:15 וְ/תָדֹ֔ק conj + Qal impf 2ms Behold, I have made you [to be] a new sharp threshing instrument having teeth; you shall thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shall make the hills as chaff.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
דקק (dâqaq) is a Hebrew verb most often rendered “to crush.” Debuting at Exodus 30:36, it then recurs through the corpus. With 12 verses in 7 books, it is an uncommon word in the Hebrew Bible. It concentrates in 2 Chronicles, which alone accounts for 25% of its uses. The verb spans 3 stems, from Qal to Hiphil. For the data behind this summary, explore the sense tree and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H1854 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 12
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 12 distinct verses.
- 7 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 7 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,001
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,001 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 12 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 2 Chronicles 3 verses 25%
- Exodus 2 verses 17%
- 2 Kings 2 verses 17%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 12 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 6 verses · 50%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 3 verses · 25%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 3 verses · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Powder 2×, Stamped 2×
- American Standard Version: Beat 2×, Made dust 2×, Powder 2×
- Berean Standard Bible: Powder 3×, Ground 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: He crushed 3×, Crushed 2×, Them 2×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H1854 across 13 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 9 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H1854 across 13 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 7 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H1854 across 13 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 8 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H1854 across 17 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 10 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each. This entry also uses Hophal (the passive of Hiphil).
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- Pf. 3 ms. דַּק Dt 9:21, דָּ֑ק Ex 32:20; Impf. 3 ms. sf. יְדֻקֶּ֑נּוּ Is 28:28; 2 ms. תָּדֹק Is 41:15;— e.g. Deuteronomy 9:21
- 1. crush (trans.) sq. acc. לֶחֶם bread-stuff, corn Is 28:28; of threshing ‖ דּוּשׁ Is 41:15 (fig. of pulverizing mts.) e.g. Isaiah 28:28
- 2. only Pf.; be fine, of state to wh. Moses reduced the golden calf by grinding וַיִּטְחַן עַד אֲשֶׁר־דָּ֑ק Ex 32:20; וָאֶכֹּת אֹתוֹ טָחוֹן הֵיטֵב עַד אֲשֶׁר־דַּק לְעָפָר Dt 9:21. e.g. Exodus 32:20
Hiphil
- Pf. הֵדַק 2 K 23:15; 2 Ch 34:4; 2 fs. וַהֲדִקּוֹת consec. Mi 4:13; Impf. וַיָּ֫דֶק 2 K 23:6; 2 Ch 15:16; 1 s. sf. אֲדִקֵּם 2 S 22:43 (but אֲרִיקֵם ‖ ψ 18:43); Inf. abs. הָדֵק Ex 30:36; cstr. לְהֵדַק 2 Ch 34:7 (form anomalous cf. Ew§ 238 d Ol§ 258 b Be; read perhaps לְהָדֵק Ki; or לָדַק [v. כַּדַּק Is 40:15] cf. Öt);—make dust of, pulverize וַיָּ֫דֶק לְעָפָר 2 K 23:6 (i.e. the Ashera), ‖ 2 Ch 34:4, 7 (כִּתַּת לְהֵדַק); so of the bamah הֵדַק לְעָפָר 2 K 23:15; of the מִפְלֶצֶת 2 Ch 15:16; fig. Mi 4:13 (obj. עַמִּים רַבִּים); Ex 30:36 (P) has וְשָׁחַקְתָּ֫ מִמֶּנָּה הָדֵק and thou shalt beat some of it fine i.e. the incense); 2 S 22:43 read אֲרִיקֵם (‖ ψ 18:43) for אֲדִקֵּם (v. ריק). e.g. 2 Kings 23:15
Hophal
- Impf. יוּדָ֑ק Is 28:28 be crushed, subj. לֶחֶם bread corn (cf. supr. Qal);—on sense cf. Che Di. e.g. Isaiah 28:28
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. crush, pulverise, thresh; be fine (Arabic دَقَّ be or become thin, minute; Ethiopic ደቀቀ Assyrian daḳâḳu Pa. break in pieces COTGloss; Ph. דק id., Aramaic דַּקֵּק Pa. id., ܕܰܩ )—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from הדך (hâdak) (H1915) — to tread down.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
דָּקַק
- to crush, pound, powder.—Denom. דַּק.—Pilp. דִּקְדֵּק q. v.
- 1. same. Kerith. 6ᵇ היטב הֵידֵק הֵידֵק היטב pounding well &c.; Y. Yoma IV, 41ᵈ bot. כשהיה מֵידַק היה אומר הָדֵק וכ׳ when the attendant pounded, the superintendent called, Pound well &c. [Sifré Deut. 207 להדוק פשתן, read להָדֵיק or לִסְרוֹק.]
- 2. to be fine, small. Part. מֵידַק, מֵדַק. Succ. IV, 9 (48ᵇ) one was wide (מעובה), ואחד מדק Ms. M. (ed. דק; Y. ed., Ms. M. 2, a. Mish. ed. Pes. מי׳; Mish. Nap. מוּדָק Hof.) and the other tube was narrow; Y. ib. 54ᵈ top (they thought) המ׳ של יין the narrow was for wine. Y. Yoma III, 41ᵃ; Y. Sot. II, 18ᵃ top מידק small and thin type of letters. Arakh. 25ᵃ מי׳ a sparsely sown field.
- to be crushed. Mekh. Bo. s. 13 נִידָּקוֹת; Pesik. R. s. 17 נִידֶּקֶת; Pesik. Vayhi, p. 64ᵇ נָדֶקֶת. [Zeb. 22ᵃ טיט הנדוק, read הנרוק, v. רָקַק.]
דְּקַק
- , v. דקיק.—Imperat. דּוֹק (v. דּוּק). Sabb. 152ᵃ ד׳ בככי וכ׳ grind with thy jaws (eat well), and thou wilt find (its effect) in marching.
- same. B. Kam. 101ᵃ ודַקִּינְהוּ and pounded them.—Part. pass. (מִדְקַק) מְדַקַּק. Targ. Is. XXX, 14 (h. text כָּתוּת).—Palp. דַּקְדֵּק q. v.
- same. Targ. II Kings XXIII, 15; Targ. II Chr. XXXIV, 4 אודיק.—Gen. R. s. 70 מְהַדֵּק, v. גַּרְמָא. Lam. R. introd. (R. Ḥǎnina 2) אכלה ומַדְּקָה (fr. Dan. VII, 7). [Targ. Y. II, Num. V, 19 הִדַּקִּי = הִזְדַּקִּי, v. זְקַק.] e.g. Daniel 7:7
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 13 distinct written forms H1854 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H1854, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Derived from this word
- דוק dûwq H1751 to be shattered, fall to pieces
- דק daq H1851 thin
- דק dôq H1852 veil
- דקק dᵉqaq H1855 to shatter
- הדך hâdak H1915 to tread down
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 6 — not the complete family. They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 12 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 12 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
- Exodus 30:36
- Deuteronomy 9:21
- 2 Samuel 22:43
- 2 Kings 23:6
- 2 Chronicles 15:16
- Isaiah 28:28
- Micah 4:13
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
