2 Chronicles 13:16

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

The children of Israel fled before Judah; and God delivered them into their hand.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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וַיָּנ֥וּסוּ

nûwç

H5127

“and · to flee”

Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Plural

Appears 161× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 14:10

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 1327

to flee, escape - (Qal) - to flee - to escape - to take flight, depart, disappear - to fly (to the attack) on horseback - (Polel) to drive at - (Hithpolel) to take flight - (Hiphil) - to put to flight - to drive hastily - to cause to disappear, hide

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
8: distinct lemmas
Historical: section

Grammatical profile

2 verbs
6 nouns

Verb forms

וַיָּנ֥וּסוּ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם Qal · Sequential Imperfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 14 words from the Hebrew and 17 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to 2 Chronicles 13:16 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

2 Chronicles 16:8 Weren't the Ethiopians and the Lubim a huge host, with chariots and horsemen exceeding many? yet, because you did rely on Yahweh, he delivered them into your hand.
Genesis 14:20 and blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand." Abram gave him a tenth of all.
Deuteronomy 2:36 From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and [from] the city that is in the valley, even to Gilead, there was not a city too high for us; Yahweh our God delivered up all before us:
Deuteronomy 3:3 So Yahweh our God delivered into our hand Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people: and we struck him until none was left to him remaining.
Joshua 10:12 Then spoke Joshua to Yahweh in the day when Yahweh delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel; and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand you still on Gibeon; You, Moon, in the valley of Aijalon.
Joshua 21:44 Yahweh gave them rest round about, according to all that he swore to their fathers: and there stood not a man of all their enemies before them; Yahweh delivered all their enemies into their hand.
Judges 1:4 Judah went up; and Yahweh delivered the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hand: and they struck of them in Bezek ten thousand men.
Judges 11:21 Yahweh, the God of Israel, delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they struck them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

1 Samuel 23:7 It was told Saul that David was come to Keilah. Saul said, God has delivered him into my hand; for he is shut in, by entering into a town that has gates and bars.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew 2 Chronicles 13:16 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיָּנ֥וּסוּ בְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִפְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיִּתְּנֵ֥ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בְּיָדָֽם

The children of Israel fled before Judah; and God delivered them into their hand.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX 2 Chronicles 13:16 Septuagint · lemma form

καί φεύγω ὁ υἱός ἰσραήλ ἀπό πρόσωπον ἰουδά καί παραδίδωμι αὐτός κύριος εἰς ὁ χείρ αὐτός

And the children of Israel fled from before Juda; and the Lord delivered them into their hands.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on 2 Chronicles 13:16 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

John Gill's Exposition

And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter,.... As they fled, pursuing them:

so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men; such a slaughter as is not to be met with in any history, as Josephus (s) observes; though Abarbinel wonders he should say so, and affirms that he had read of larger numbers slain at once; but he is the only man that ever pretended to it; Jerom (t) makes the number but 50,000, and some copies of the Vulgate Latin (u), and Josephus Ben Gorion, as Abarbinel (w) relates; but the true Josephus, the Targum, and all the ancient versions, agree with the Hebrew text; more than half Jeroboam's army was cut off, and 100,000 more than Abijah had in his.

(s) Antiqu. l. 8. c. 11. sect. 3. (t) Trad. Heb. fol. 84. M. (u) So that of Sixtus V. in James's Corruption of the Fathers, p. 294. (w) Comment in 1. Reg. xv. 6. fol. 250. 3.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

fled before Judah

Here the word "Judah" represents the army of Judah. AT: "fled before the army of Judah" (See: Metonymy)

God gave them into the hand of Judah

Here the word "hand" represents power. God enabling the army of Judah to defeat the army of Israel is spoken of as if God had put the army of Israel in the hand of the army of Judah. AT: "God enabled Judah to defeat the people of Israel" (See: Metonymy and Metaphor)

killed them with great slaughter

This idiom means that they thoroughly defeated them, or that they killed very many of the soldiers. AT: "thoroughly defeated them" or "slaughtered many of their soldiers" (See: Idiom)

500,000 chosen men

"five hundred thousand chosen men." The phrase "chosen men" is an idiom that refers to elite soldiers who were skilled in battle. AT: "500,000 of the best soldiers" (See: Numbers and Idiom)

the people of Israel were subdued

This can be stated in active form. AT: "the army of Judah subdued the people of Israel" (See: Active or Passive)

translationWords

hand

slaughter

chosen one

die

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

2 Chronicles, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is nûwç (“to flee”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “to flee” (nûwç) contribute to the verse as a whole?
How does 2 Chronicles 16:8, which shares this passage’s theme, read alongside this verse?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
«וַיָּנ֥וּסוּ» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how John Gill's Exposition and unfoldingWord translationNotes read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.