מָנוֹס
refuge
also: flight, place of escape fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 6 times (75%)
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct 2 times (25%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 8 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H4498 appears — 8 distinct verses across 5 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
2 Samuel 1 verse
Job 1 verse
Psalms 2 verses
- Psalms 59:16 וּ֝/מָנ֗וֹס conj + n c ms But I will sing of your strength. Yes, I will sing aloud of your loving kindness in the morning. For you have been my high tower, A refuge in the day of my distress.
- Psalms 142:4 מָנ֣וֹס n c ms Look on my right, and see; For there is no one who is concerned for me. Refuge has fled from me. No one cares for my soul.
Jeremiah 3 verses
- Jeremiah 16:19 וּ/מְנוּסִ֖/י conj + n c ms cs + sfx pers 1cs Yahweh, my strength, and my stronghold, and my refuge in the day of affliction, to you shall the nations come from the ends of the earth, and shall say, Our fathers have inherited nothing but lies, [even] vanity and things in which there is no profit.
- Jeremiah 25:35 מָנ֖וֹס n c ms The shepherds shall have no way to flee, nor the principal of the flock to escape.
- Jeremiah 46:5 וּ/מָנ֥וֹס conj + n c ms Why have I seen it? they are dismayed and are turned backward; and their mighty ones are beaten down, and have fled apace, and don't look back: terror is on every side, says Yahweh.
Amos 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, מנוס (mânôwç) means “refuge.” Scripture first uses it in 2 Samuel 22:3. With 8 verses in 5 books, it is an uncommon word in the Hebrew Bible. Its uses concentrate in Jeremiah (38% of all occurrences). Beyond its headline sense, its full sense range takes in “flight” and “place of escape”. Dig into 8-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H4498 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 8
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 8 distinct verses.
- 5 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 5 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,625
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,625 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 8 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 8 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 5 verses · 63%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 3 verses · 38%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Refuge 4×
- American Standard Version: Refuge 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Refuge 4×, Escape 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Refuge 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H4498 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H4498 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 4 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H4498 across 8 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H4498 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 2 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
- 1. flight, acc. cogn. c. נוּס Je 46:5. e.g. Jeremiah 46:5
- 2. (place of) escape; אָבַד מ׳ מִן escape perished from, = there was no escape for, Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5; of י׳ as a refuge 2 S 22:3 (‖ משׂגב; מנוס וגו׳ not ‖ ψ 18:3; text disputed, Kit Bu retain in Sm, Klo Bae Löhr Du ins. in ψ; ψ 59:17 (‖ id.); Je 16:19 (‖ עז, מעוז). e.g. Amos 2:14
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
n.m. Am 2:14 1. flight. 2. place of escape, refuge;—abs. מ׳ Am 2:14 + 5 times; sf. מְנוּסִי 2 S 22:3 Je 16:19;—
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from נוס (nûwç) (H5127) — to flee.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
טַוְורוֹס
- (Ταῦρος) Taurus Amanus (v. אֲמָנָה II,
- 2. corresp. to Hor-Hahar. Targ. Y. Num. XXXIV, 7, sq. (O. הר טורא).—Targ. Y. ib. XX, 22; 25; Targ. Y. I Deut. XXXII, 50 (!) (Y. II a. O. הור טורא).
מָנוֹס
- refuge. Ex. R. s. 1 נתן מ׳ למשה וכ׳ suffered Moses to take refuge with an idolater. Yalk. Job 906; Yalk. Jud. 41, v. לוּן; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 8 distinct written forms H4498 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| וּ/מְנוּסִ֔/י | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | 2 Samuel 22:3 | 1 |
| וּ/מְנוּסִ֖/י | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Jeremiah 16:19 | 1 |
| וּ/מָנ֥וֹס | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Jeremiah 46:5 | 1 |
| וּ֝/מָנ֗וֹס | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 59:16 | 1 |
| וּ֭/מָנוֹס | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Job 11:20 | 1 |
| מָנ֖וֹס | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Jeremiah 25:35 | 1 |
| מָנ֣וֹס | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 142:4 | 1 |
| מָנוֹס֙ | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Amos 2:14 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H4498, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 6 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 8 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
