יָגָה
to grieve
‘to grieve’ is one of 4 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Hiphil verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”).
- Piel
- An intensive or resultative active stem.
- Niphal
- Usually the simple passive or reflexive of the Qal (“he was written”).
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Sequential Imperfect
- An imperfect with prefixed waw — the standard past-narrative form (waw-consecutive imperfect).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
- Participle Passive
- A verbal adjective expressing action received (“written”).
- Imperfect
- An incomplete, ongoing, or future action (“he will / would write”).
State
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
- 2nd Person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
- Plural
- More than one (in Hebrew, generally three or more).
Grammatical forms
- Verb, Hiphil, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (38%)
- Verb, Piel, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 1 time (13%)
- Verb, Niphal, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct 1 time (13%)
- Verb, Niphal, Participle Passive, Feminine, Plural, Absolute 1 time (13%)
- Verb, Hiphil, Imperfect, 2nd Person, Masculine, Plural 1 time (13%)
- Verb, Hiphil, Participle Active, Masculine, Plural, Construct 1 time (13%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 8 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H3013 appears — 8 distinct verses across 4 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Job 1 verse
Isaiah 1 verse
Lamentations 5 verses
- Lamentations 1:4 נּוּג֖וֹת Niphal ptcp.pass fp The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn assembly; All her gates are desolate, her priests do sigh: Her virgins are afflicted, and she herself is in bitterness.
- Lamentations 1:5 הוֹגָ֖/הּ Hiphil pf 3ms + sfx pers 3fs Her adversaries are become the head, her enemies prosper; For Yahweh has afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: Her young children are gone into captivity before the adversary.
- Lamentations 1:12 הוֹגָ֣ה Hiphil pf 3ms Is it nothing to you, all you who pass by? Look, and see if there be any sorrow like my sorrow, which is brought on me, With which Yahweh has afflicted [me] in the day of his fierce anger.
- Lamentations 3:32 הוֹגָ֔ה Hiphil pf 3ms For though he cause grief, yet will he have compassion according to the multitude of his loving kindnesses.
- Lamentations 3:33 וַ/יַּגֶּ֖ה conj + Piel wimpf 3ms For he does not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men.
Zephaniah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, יגה (yâgâh) means “to grieve.” The word gravitates to Lamentations (63%), then Job and Isaiah. It appears 8 verses across 4 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its uncommon vocabulary. First canonically at Job 19:2, it enters the text early. As a verb its force shifts by stem, across 4 stems (Qal, Niphal, and more). Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3013 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 8
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 8 distinct verses.
- 4 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 4 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,625
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,625 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 8 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Lamentations 5 verses 63%
- Job 1 verse 13%
- Isaiah 1 verse 13%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 8 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 6 verses · 75%
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 2 verses · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Hath afflicted 2×
- American Standard Version†: Afflict 1×, Are afflicted 1×, Grieve 1×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Grieve 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Are grieving 1×, Has afflicted her 1×, Has inflicted 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3013 across 8† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3013 across 8† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3013 across 8† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 6 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3013 across 8† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in the full BDB
Hebrew verbs can shift meaning by stem (binyan): Qal is the basic action, Niphal is often passive or reflexive, Piel often intensifies or makes it factitive, and Hiphil is typically causative. The senses below are grouped under the stem BDB assigns to each.
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 5 senses and sub-senses the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
יגה I suffer, not in
Qal
- (cf. Arabic وَجَى castravit, وَجِىَ be abraded (of the foot); of horse, have pain in the hoof)—
Niphal
- Pt. fpl. נוּגוֹת (on form v. Köi. 582) La 1:4 (‖ נֶאֱנָחִים, מַר) grieved, mpl. cstr. נוּגֵי (v. Köl.c.) Zp 3:18 (sq. prep., cf. Ges§ 130. 1); of virgins of Zion La 1:4; of exiles Zp 3:18. e.g. Lamentations 1:4
Piel
- Impf. וַיַּגֶּה (for וַיְיַגֶּה, v. Köi. 582. 412) grieve, sq. acc. La 3:33 (‖ עִנָּה). e.g. Lamentations 3:33
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 ms. הוֹנָה La 1:12; 3:32; sf. הוֹגָהּ La 1:5; Impf. 2 mpl. תֹּגְיוּן Jb 19:2; Pt. pl. sf. מוֹגַיִךְ Is 51:23;—cause grief or sorrow, abs. La 3:32 (opp. רִחַם); sq. acc. (Zion) La 1:5, cf. Is 51:23, also La 1:12 (obj. om., but אשׁר of grief = wherewith); sq. נַפְשִׁי Jb 19:2.—On 2 S 20:13 v. II. יגה. e.g. Lamentations 1:12
יגה II only
Hiphil
- Pf. 3 ms. הֹגָה (Köi. 584) thrust away (Syriac ܐܰܘܓܺܝ remove, expel; Arabic وَجَا iv. repel)—כַּאֲשֶׁר הֹגָה מִן־הַמְֿסִלָּה 2 S 20:13 when he had thrust (him, the murdered Amasa) out of the highway (‖ וַיַּסֵּב אֶת־עֲמָשָׂא מִן־הַמְֿסִלָּה הַשָּׂדֶה v 12). e.g. 2 Samuel 20:13
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
vb. suffer, not in
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
יָגָה
- , v. הָגָה
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 8 distinct written forms H3013 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3013, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 8 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 8 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
