תּוּגָה
sorrow
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Feminine
- Grammatically feminine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute 3 times (75%)
- Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct 1 time (25%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 4 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H8424 appears — 4 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Psalms 1 verse
Proverbs 3 verses
- Proverbs 10:1 תּוּגַ֥ת n c fs cs The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son makes a glad father; But a foolish son brings grief to his mother.
- Proverbs 14:13 תוּגָֽה n c fs Even in laughter the heart may be sorrowful, And mirth may end in heaviness.
- Proverbs 17:21 לְ/ת֣וּגָה prep + n c fs He who becomes the father of a fool grieves. The father of a fool has no joy.
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
תוגה (tûwgâh) is a Hebrew noun most often rendered “sorrow.” With only 4 verses it sits in the long tail of Hebrew Bible vocabulary. Proverbs dominates its distribution — 3 of 4 verses. Debuting at Psalms 119:28, it then recurs through the corpus. Related forms include יגה, יגה and יגון. The sections below give every sense, occurrence, and version rendering.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H8424 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4 distinct verses.
- 2 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 2 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3,696
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3,696 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 4 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4 distinct verses.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 4 verses · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Doeth it to his sorrow 1×, Heaviness 1×, Is heaviness 1×
- American Standard Version: Doeth it to his sorrow 1×, Heaviness 1×, Is heaviness 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Sorrow 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Grief 1×, Is for grief 1×, Is the grief of 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H8424 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H8424 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H8424 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H8424 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 1 sense BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- grief, heaviness, sorrow
Word origin
n.f. grief (poet.)—abs. ת׳ ψ 119:28 Pr 14:13; 17:21; cstr. תּוּגַת 10:1;—grief ψ 119:28; Pr 10:1 (opp. יְשַׂמַּח), 14:13 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), 17:21 (‖ לֹא יִשְׂמַח).
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from יגה (yâgâh) (H3013) — to grieve.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
תּוּגָה
- pain, grief. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXIX, 28 מהו מת׳ מן השברים וכ׳ what does mittugah (ib.) mean? From the misfortunes that have come upon me &c. [Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 3 מתוגה, read with ed. Bub.: מוניטין, v. ‘Rashi’ to Gen. R. s. 3911.]
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms H8424 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| לְ/ת֣וּגָה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Proverbs 17:21 | 1 |
| מִ/תּוּגָ֑ה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 119:28 | 1 |
| תּוּגַ֥ת | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct | Proverbs 10:1 | 1 |
| תוּגָֽה | Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute | Proverbs 14:13 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H8424, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 3 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 4 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
