ὀδυνάω
to torment
‘to torment’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Thayer's Greek Lexicon
From Thayer's Greek Lexicon
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Tense
- Present
- Ongoing or general action in present time (imperfective aspect).
Voice
- Passive
- The subject receives the action.
Mood
- Participle
- A verbal adjective (“writing,” “having written”).
- Indicative
- States a fact or asks a factual question (the mood of reality).
Case
- Nominative
- The case of the subject (and the predicate nominative).
Person
- 1st person
- The speaker (“I / we”).
- 2nd person
- The one addressed (“you”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Plural
- More than one.
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where G3600 appears in the Book of Acts — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Greek form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Greek New Testament; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences of this word are not indexed here.
Acts
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
οδυναω — transliterated odynáō — is a Greek verb carrying the sense “to torment.” It is rare — just 4 verses in the entire Greek New Testament. Its uses cluster heavily in Luke (75% of all occurrences). Debuting at Luke 2:48, it then recurs through the corpus. Its lexical range runs to 3 senses. See the sense tree, 4-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's G3600 catalogs a Greek word from the Greek New Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Greek New Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4 distinct verses.
- 2 / 27
- NT books
- The word appears in 2 of 27 New Testament books.
- #1,877
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Greek words (rank 1,877 of 5,347 Greek words by occurrence).
View all 4 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Some books belong to more than one corpus (Luke is in both the Gospels and the Lukan corpus, and so on), so these shares overlap and need not total 100%. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4 distinct verses.
- Lukan (Luke–Acts) 4 verses · 100%
- Gospels 3 verses · 75%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Sorrowing 2×
- American Standard Version: Art in anguish 1×, I am in anguish 1×, Sorrowing 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Are in agony 1×, I am in agony 1×, They were especially grieved 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Are tormented 1×, Grieving 1×, Have been tormented 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders G3600 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders G3600 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders G3600 across 3 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders G3600 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Senses in Thayer's
The 3 senses Thayer's distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- to cause intense pain
- to be in anguish, be tormented
- to torment or distress one's self
Word origin
Derived from οδυνη (odýnē) (G3601) — anguish.
From G3601 ; to grieve : - sorrow torment.
— Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance (1890), public domain.
Forms in the corpus
The 3 distinct written forms G3600 takes in the Greek New Testament, most frequent first — each parse links to that tense’s occurrences in the concordance.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| ὀδυνώμενοι odynṓmenoi | Verb, Present, Passive, Participle, Nominative, Plural, Masculine | Luke 2:48 | 2 |
| ὀδυνᾶσαι odynâsai | Verb, Present, Passive, Indicative, 2nd person, Singular | Luke 16:25 | 1 |
| ὀδυνῶμαι odynō̂mai | Verb, Present, Passive, Indicative, 1st person, Singular | Luke 16:24 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other Thayer's entries built from the same root as G3600, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint usage
The same Greek word οδυναω appears 8 times in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), across 8 verses in 5 books.
- 8
- LXX occurrences
- Tagged occurrences of this Greek word in the Septuagint.
- 8
- verses
- Distinct Septuagint verses containing this word.
- 5 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 5 of the 39 Old Testament books.
Sample Septuagint occurrences
- Proverbs 29:21 ὀδυνάω
- Isaiah 21:10 ὀδυνάω
- Lamentations 1:13 ὀδυνάω
- Haggai 2:14 ὀδυνάω
- Zechariah 9:5 ὀδυναω
Septuagint occurrences (same lexeme)
Every verse where the same Strong’s number (G3600) appears in the Greek Septuagint. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context; the Greek form is the matched word — the English is not keyword-highlighted.
- Proverbs 29:21 ὀδυνάω He who pampers his servant from youth Will have him become a son in the end.
- Isaiah 21:10 ὀδυνάω You my threshing, and the grain of my floor! that which I have heard from Yahweh of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared to you.
- Isaiah 40:29 ὀδυνάω He gives power to the faint; and to him who has no might he increases strength.
- Isaiah 53:4 ὀδυνάω Surely he has borne our sickness, and carried our suffering; yet we considered him plagued, struck by God, and afflicted.
- Lamentations 1:13 ὀδυνάω From on high has he sent fire into my bones, and it prevails against them; He has spread a net for my feet, he has turned me back: He has made me desolate and faint all the day.
- Haggai 2:14 ὀδυνάω Then Haggai answered, "'So is this people, and so is this nation before me,' says Yahweh; 'and so is every work of their hands. That which they offer there is unclean.
- Zechariah 9:5 ὀδυναω Ashkelon will see it, and fear; Gaza also, and will writhe in agony; As will Ekron, for her expectation will be disappointed; And the king will perish from Gaza, And Ashkelon will not be inhabited.
- Zechariah 12:10 ὀδυνάω I will pour on the house of David, and on the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they will look to me whom they have pierced; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for his only son, and will grieve bitterly for him, as one grieves for his firstborn.
These are occurrences of the same Greek lexeme (G3600) in the Septuagint — not a translation of any one Hebrew word. The store carries no word-level Hebrew↔Greek alignment, so no Hebrew original is asserted here. Counts come from the recovered LXX Strong's tagging — high-frequency vocabulary is well covered, while rare or late forms may be untagged — so they reflect tagged occurrences and may slightly undercount.
