Joshua 19:28

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Joshua 19:28 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Joshua 19:28 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/joshua/19/28.

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English Translation
and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Sidon;
World English Bible · Public Domain
Highlights
  • 1 hapax legomenon — only here in the Hebrew Bible
  • 2 first appearances in the Hebrew Bible
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Sidon;
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Abdon and Rehob and Hammon and Kanah, unto Great Sidon.

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Sidon;
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    It went on to Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    It went on to Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Sidon;
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon;
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And to Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, vnto great Zidon.
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    And to Abaran and Rohob and Hamon and Cana, as far as the great Sidon.
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, unto great Zidon;
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, to great Sidon;
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    It then went on to Abdon, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, as far as Greater Sidon.
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Abdon and Rehob and Hammon and Kanah, unto Great Sidon.
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, as far as great Zidon;
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    and Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Sidon.
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Zidon;
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Ebron, Rehob, Hammon, Kanah, and on up to Great Sidon.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And Ebron and Rehob and Hammon and Kanah, to great Zidon;
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even unto great Zidon.

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

7
words
7
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן Hebron H5683

First appearance in Scripture

These words make their first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן Hebron H5683
  • וְחַמּ֣וֹן Hammon H2540

Shared distinctive vocabulary

וְחַמּ֣וֹן Hammon H2540 occurs in 2 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 5 nouns
  • 1 adjective
  • 1 preposition

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 12 words from the Hebrew and 11 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 7 Hebrew tokens and 12 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

9

Topical passages linked to Joshua 19:28 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Judges 1:31 Asher didn't drive out the inhabitants of Acco, nor the inhabitants of Sidon, nor of Ahlab, nor of Achzib, nor of Helbah, nor of Aphik, nor of Rehob;
  • Joshua 11:8 Yahweh delivered them into the hand of Israel, and they struck them, and chased them to great Sidon, and to Misrephoth Maim, and to the valley of Mizpeh eastward; and they struck them, until they left them none remaining.
  • Genesis 10:19 The border of the Canaanites was from Sidon, as you go toward Gerar, to Gaza; as you go toward Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, and Zeboiim, to Lasha.
  • Isaiah 23:2 Be still, you inhabitants of the coast, you whom the merchants of Sidon, that pass over the sea, have replenished.
  • Isaiah 23:4 Be ashamed, Sidon; for the sea has spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying, I have not travailed, nor brought forth, neither have I nourished young men, nor brought up virgins.
  • Isaiah 23:12 He said, You shall no more rejoice, you oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon: arise, pass over to Kittim; even there shall you have no rest.
  • John 2:1 The third day, there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee. Jesus' mother was there.
  • John 2:11 This beginning of his signs Jesus did in Cana of Galilee, and revealed his glory; and his disciples believed in him.
  • John 4:46 Jesus came therefore again to Cana of Galilee, where he made the water into wine. There was a certain nobleman whose son was sick at Capernaum.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Joshua 19:28 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְעֶבְרֹ֥ן וּרְחֹ֖ב וְחַמּ֣וֹן וְקָנָ֑ה עַ֖ד צִיד֥וֹן רַבָּֽה

and Ebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, even to great Sidon;

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Joshua 19:28 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ελβων καί ρααβ καί εμεμαων καί κανθαν ἕως σιδών ὁ μέγας

and Elbon, and Raab, and Ememaon, and Canthan to great Sidon.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

On this verse, The Pulpit Commentary discusses the Septuagint’s reading. Read the note in Commentary ↓

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

1

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

  1. Targum Jonathan Prophets (Joshua–Malachi)
    וְעֶבְרוֹן וּרְחֹב וְחַמוֹן וְקָנָה עַד צִידוֹן רַבָּה:

    (no public-domain English translation for this verse)

    Targum Jonathan — Aramaic: “Mikraot Gedolot” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “London "Chaldee Paraphrase," 1871” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Joshua 19:28 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Jos 19:28 And Hebron, and Rehob, and Hammon, and Kanah, [even] unto great Zidon;

Ver. 28. Unto great Zidon.] See Jos 11:8.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Joseph Benson's Commentary

Jos 19:28. Kanah — Namely, Kanah the greater, in the Upper Galilee; not Kanah the less, which was in the Lower Galilee. Zidon — Called great for its antiquity, and riches, and glory. The city either was not given to the Israelites, or at least was never possessed by them; not without a singular providence of God, that they might not by the opportunity of so good a port be engaged in much commerce with other nations; from which, together with wealth, that great corrupter of mankind, they might contract their errors and vices.

Joseph Benson's Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1811–1818) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 28. Unto great Zidon] The city of Sidon and the Sidonians are celebrated from the remotest antiquity. They are frequently mentioned by Homer. See Clarke on Jos 11:8.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

28. and Hebron] The main portion of Asher having been described, the northern portion is now defined more particularly.

Hebron] Instead of Hebron we find Abdon in ch. Jos_21:30, and 1Ch_6:74. But twenty MSS. and all the ancient versions read Hebron. See Keil’s Commentary.

Rehob, Hammon, are at present unknown. Kanah may possibly be identified with Ain-Kana, about eight miles south-east of Saida (Zidon).

unto great Zidon] On Zidon, or Sidon, see above, ch. Jos_11:8.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And then the coast turneth to Ramah,.... Which was a city in the tribe of Naphtali, Jos 19:36; and on the borders of Asher; though Jerom (y) distinguishes them, and speaks of a Ramah in Asher, and another in Naphtali, as different cities of the same name; as there were several of this name, so called from their being built on an eminence. Masius conjectures it is the same with Sarepta, Luk 4:26; famous for its wine; and Bacchus, as the poet says, loves the hills:

and to the strong city Tyre; it is thought this is not to be understood of the famous city, so much spoken of in other parts of Scripture, and in profane history; since, as it is observed, that is not mentioned in Scripture until the times of David; and though Homer makes frequent mention of Sidon, yet never of Tyre. The words signify the strong fortress of a rock, or a fortress on a high rock; so Kimchi and Ben Melech; and it might be a fortified city, which being built on a rock, might have the name of Zor or Tyre, and not be the famous city of that name. Jerom (z) renders it the fortified city of the Assyrians:

and the coast turneth to Hosah; of which we nowhere else read:

and the outgoings thereof are at the sea; the Mediterranean sea; where the coast ended this way:

from the coast to Achzib; this Jerom (a) says is Ecdippa, nine miles from Ptolemais, as you go to Tyre; and this is confirmed by a learned traveller of our own nation (b); it is now called Zib; See Gill on Mic 1:14.

(y) De loc. Heb. fol. 94. B. (z) De loc. Heb. fol. 94. B. (a) Ibid. fol. 88. I. (b) Maundrell's Journey from Aleppo, &c. p. 53.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

These verses refer to the northern portion of the territory of Asher, on the Phoenician frontier. Some names may have dropped out of the text, the number Jos 19:30 not tallying with the catalogue. Ramah still retains its ancient name, and lies about twelve miles southeast of Tyre. Achzib is the modern “Zib,” on the coast, eight or nine miles north of Acre.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

CHAPTER XIX.

Rohob, on the northern extremity of the land, Numbers xiii. 22. It was assigned to the Levites. But the tribe of Aser never drove out the Chanaanites, Judges i. 31. --- Cana, where Christ wrought his first miracle, about 23 miles west of Tiberias, as we may gather from Josephus. (Vita) (Cellarius) --- Some would admit another Cana nearer Sidon.

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

Kanah, to wit, Kanah the greater, in the Upper Galilee, not Kanah the less, which was in the Lower Galilee.

Great Zidon; called great for its antiquity, and riches, and glory. This city either was not given to the Israelites, but is only mentioned as their border; or at least was never possessed by them; not without a singular providence of God, that they might not by the opportunity of so good a port be engaged in much commerce with other nations, from which, together with wealth, that great corrupter of mankind, they might contract their errors and vices.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

28. Kanah — Not Cana of Galilee, but probably the large village Kanah, five miles southeast of Tyre.

Zidon — See Jos_11:8, note. It was never conquered by Asher.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Pulpit Commentary

Hebron. Rather, Ebron. It is not the same word as the Hebron in Judah, but is spelt with Ain instead of Hheth. In Jos_21:30, 1Ch_6:59, Abdon is the name of the city assigned to the Levites in Asher. Twenty MSS., says Keil, have the same reading here. But the LXX has Ebrwn here and Abdwn in Jos_21:30. The Hebrew d and r are so much alike that there is no doubt that the mistake has arisen earlier than the time when that translation was made. It is true that the lists of Levitical cities in Joshua 21. and 1Ch 6. do not entirely correspond. But the resemblance here between the names is too striking to allow of the supposition that two different cities are meant. Great Zidon. This city, as well as Tyro, remained unsubdued, although assigned by Joshua to Asher. The boundary of Asher appears to have been traced first towards the west, then eastward, from a middle point on the southern border (see note on ver. 11), then to have been carried northward from the same point, (the left hand usually means the north; see note on Teman, Jos_15:1) on the east side till it reached Cabul. Then the northern border is traced westward to Sidon. Then the border turned southward along the sea, which is not mentioned, because it would seem to be sufficiently defined by the mention of Ramah and Tyre. Between Hosah and Achzib there would seem to have been a greater paucity of cities, and therefore the sea is mentioned.

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

Kenah - Namely, Kenah the greater, in the upper Galilee; not Kenah the less, which was in the lower Galilee. Zidon - Called great for its antiquity, and riches, and glory. The city either was not given to the Israelites, or at least was never possessed by them; not without a singular providence of God, that they might not by the opportunity of so good a port, be engaged in much commerce with other nations; from which, together with wealth, that great corrupter of mankind, they might contract their errors and vices.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Joshua, in the Historical, opens this verse with 7 words (7 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻEbrôn (“Hebron”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. How does “Hebron” (ʻEbrôn) shape what this verse is saying?
  2. This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
  3. 2 words here appear for the first time in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  4. 1 Chronicles 6:76 shares the word «Hammon» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  5. These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
  6. Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Joseph Benson's Commentary read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

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