Deuteronomy 6:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

to thrust out all your enemies from before you, as Yahweh has spoken.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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לַהֲדֹ֥ף

Hâdaph

H1920

“to drive out”

Preposition + Verb, Qal, Infinitive Construct

Appears 11× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Numbers 35:20

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 476

to thrust, push, drive, cast away, cast out, expel, thrust away - (Qal) - to thrust, push - to drive out, thrust out - to depose

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
8: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is לַהֲדֹ֥ף to drive out H1920 — appearing just 11 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

לַהֲדֹ֥ף to drive out H1920 occurs in 11 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
3 nouns
2 particles

Verb forms

לַהֲדֹ֥ף Qal · Infinitive Construct
אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ Qal · Participle Active
דִּבֶּ֥ר Piel · Perfect

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 13 words from the Hebrew and 13 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the same length.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 10 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 6:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Exodus 23:28–30 I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite, and the Hittite, from before you.
Numbers 33:52–53 then you shall drive out all the inhabitants of the land from before you, and destroy all their figured [stones], and destroy all their molten images, and demolish all their high places:
Judges 2:1–3 The angel of Yahweh came up from Gilgal to Bochim. He said, I made you to go up out of Egypt, and have brought you to the land which I swore to your fathers; and I said, I will never break my covenant with you:
Judges 3:1–4 Now these are the nations which Yahweh left, to prove Israel by them, even as many [of Israel] as had not known all the wars of Canaan;

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 6:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

לַהֲדֹ֥ף אֶת כָּל אֹיְבֶ֖יךָ מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה

to thrust out all your enemies from before you, as Yahweh has spoken.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 6:19 Septuagint · lemma form

ἐκδιώκω πᾶς ὁ ἐχθρός σύ πρό πρόσωπον σύ καθά λαλέω

to chase all your enemies from before your face, as the Lord said.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

לְמִתְּבַר יָת כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ מֵקָדָמָךְ כְּמָא דִי מַלִיל יְיָ

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

לְמִדְחֵי יַת כָּל בַּעֲלֵי דְבָבָךְ מִן קֳדָמָךְ הֵיכְמָא דְמַלֵּיל יְיָ

that He may drive out all thy enemies before thee, as the Lord hath said.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 6:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. to thrust out, etc.] The Heb. is used of this event only here and Deu_9:4 (Sg.); also in the deuteronomic Jos_23:5.

as Jehovah hath spoken] Exo_23:27 ff.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

To cast out all thine enemies from before thee,.... This the Lord promised, and as it seems with an oath, that he would do for them; drive out their enemies, and make way for the settlement of them in their country:

as the Lord hath spoken; see Gen 15:18.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

The Pulpit Commentary

To cast out, etc.; rather, to the castling out of, etc. The infin, here expresses the carrying out of the action intimated in the words," that it may be well with thee". (cf. Exo_23:27, etc.; Exo_34:11)

The Pulpit Commentary (1880–1919), ed. H.D.M. Spence-Jones & Joseph S. Exell — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Rashi

Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)

כאשר דבר [TO THRUST OUT ALL THINE ENEMIES] AS [THE LORD] HATH SAID — And where did He promise this? When He said, (Exodus 23:27) “And I will confound all the peoples, etc." (Mekhilta).

Rashi on the Tanakh — English translations: “The Judaica Press complete Tanach with Rashi, translated by A. J. Rosenberg” (CC BY 4.0); “Pentateuch with Rashi's commentary by M. Rosenbaum and A.M. Silbermann, 1929-1934” (public domain); “The Metsudah Tanach series, Lakewood, N.J” (CC BY 4.0); and “The Book of Joshua, Metsudah Publications, 1997” (CC BY 4.0). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 8 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Hâdaph (“to drive out”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “to drive out” (Hâdaph) contribute to the verse as a whole?
How does Numbers 35:20, which shares the word «to drive out», read alongside this verse?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
«לַהֲדֹ֥ף» is a Qal Infinitive Construct verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges and John Gill's Exposition read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 10 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 10 words in this verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.