קָרַן
to shine
‘to shine’ is one of 3 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Qal verb in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Verb
- An action or state-of-being word.
Stem
- Qal
- The basic, simple active stem — the plain form of the verb (“he wrote”). Here: ‘denom. of’
- Hiphil
- The causative active stem (“he caused / brought about”).
Form
- Perfect
- A completed action or state — Hebrew marks aspect (completeness) more than strict tense (“he wrote”).
- Participle Active
- A verbal adjective expressing ongoing or characteristic action (“writing / one who writes”).
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
Person
- 3rd Person
- The one spoken about (“he / she / it / they”).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular 3 times (75%)
- Verb, Hiphil, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 1 time (25%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 4 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H7160 appears — 4 distinct verses across 2 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Exodus 3 verses
- Exodus 34:29 קָרַ֛ן Qal pf 3ms It happened, when Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the two tablets of the testimony in Moses' hand, when he came down from the mountain, that Moses didn't know that the skin of his face shone by reason of his speaking with him.
- Exodus 34:30 קָרַ֖ן Qal pf 3ms When Aaron and all the children of Israel saw Moses, behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come near him.
- Exodus 34:35 קָרַ֔ן Qal pf 3ms The children of Israel saw Moses' face, that the skin of Moses' face shone: and Moses put the veil on his face again, until he went in to speak with him.
Psalms 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
קרן — transliterated qâran — is a Hebrew verb carrying the sense “to shine.” A scarce word — 4 verses in all of the Hebrew Bible. More than three-quarters of its appearances fall in Exodus. Its earliest occurrence is Exodus 34:29. The lexicon spreads it across several senses; see its full sense range. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H7160 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 4
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 4 distinct verses.
- 2 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 2 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #3,696
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 3,696 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 4 occurrences in the concordance →
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 4 distinct verses.
- Torah (Pentateuch) 3 verses · 75%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 25%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Shone 3×
- American Standard Version: Shone 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Was radiant 2×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Shone 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H7160 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H7160 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H7160 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H7160 across 4 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 1 sense the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
Qal
- denom. of קֶרֶן 5, send out rays;—Pf. 3 ms. קָרַן עוֹר פָּנָיו Ex 34:29, 30, 35 (P). Hiph.denom. of קֶרֶן 1 a, display (grow) horns (be fully developed), Pt. פָּר מַקְרִן מַפְרִים ψ 69:32. e.g. Exodus 34:29
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
Origin: a primitive root
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
קָרַן
- to emit horns or rays.
- to be horned. Ḥull. 60ᵃ (ref. to Ps. LXIX, 32) מַקְרִין ברישא והדר מפריס first it got horns and then hoofs; v. מַקְרִין II.—Y. R. Hash. III, 58ᵈ top (strike out מקרן כתיב). e.g. Psalms 69:32
קְרַן I
- (cmp. Arab. ḳaran junxit &c.) to join, harness, put to. Y. Kidd. III, 64ᵃ ק׳ זבונה וכ׳ the trader put the beasts to and went off; [Var. קרץ, v. קְרַץ II].
קֶרֶן
- c. (b. h.; v. preced.) [joint, attachment; roundness, fulness,]
- 1. horn. Y. Erub. I, 19ᵇ bot. זכרותו של ק׳, v. זַכְרוּת. R. Hash. III, 2 כל השופרות … ק׳ all shofars (horns) are fit for use on the New Year’s day, except that of a cow, because it is called ḳeren (and not shofar); והלא כל … ק׳ do not all shofars also go by the name of ḳeren? Ib. 26ᵃ; a. v. fr.—Keth. XIII, 2, v. צְבִי.—Esp. (sub. נזק) damage done by an animal’s horn, goring. B. Kam. 2ᵇ. Ib. 4ᵃ; a. fr.—Trnsf. horn, trump, wind instrument. Kel. XI, 7 ק׳ עגולה a round (wound) metal horn; contrad. to פשוטה a plain (straight) horn; Sabb. 47ᵃ; a. fr.—Du. קַרְנַיִם, קַרְנַיִים, קַרְנַיִין; pl. קְרָנִים, קְרָנִין, קְרָנוֹת. Tosef. Par. II (I), 2; Bekh. 44ᵃ. Par. II, 2 פרה שקַרְנֶיהָ וכ׳ a red cow whose horns and hoofs are black; Bekh. l. c. שקרנים וכ׳ (corr. acc.). Ḥull. 60ᵃ, a. e. שור … קְרָנָיו קודמות וכ׳ the ox which Adam sacrificed was born with his horns (full grown) in advance of his hoofs. Par. XII, 9 ק׳ של יוצאי דרכים the travellers’ drinking horns. Gen. R. s. 99 אלו תוקעי ק׳ וכ׳ these (the Levites) blow horns, and those (the Greeks) blow trumpets. Ib. זה בעל ק׳ וזה בעל ק׳ this one (Joseph) is described as endowed with horns (power, Deut. XXXIII, 17), and that one (Rome) is &c. (Dan. VII, 24). Y. Shek. VI, 50ᵃ top כקַרְנֵי וכ׳, v. כִּילּוּיָא. Ib.; Yoma 77ᵇ קרני חגבים the antennæ of locusts; a. fr. e.g. Deuteronomy 33:17
- 2. any projection, point; a) beam, ray. —Pl. as ab. Ex. R. s. 47; Tanḥ. Ki Thissa 37 קרני ההוד the beams of glory, halo; a. e.—b) projecting staff or handle. Par. XII, 9, v. כְּלִיבָה. Lam. R. to I, 16 [read:] קרן גלוסקאן זו this point of the roll of white bread; a. e.—c) (with זוית or without) corner, v. זָוִית. Ber. 17ᵃ שתעמידנו בק׳ אורה … בק׳ חשכה that thou place us in the corner of light (position of honor), and not in the corner of obscurity. Men. 42ᵃ הטיל על הק׳ if one attaches the show-fringes exactly in the corner; a. fr.—Pl. as ab. Ḥull. 31ᵃ, v. אִיזְמֵל. Macc. 12ᵃ תפש בקַרְנוֹתָיו took hold of the projections of the altar; a. fr.—יושבי קרנות those seated at street corners, v. יָשַׁב.—[Gen. R. s. 75, v. יָשַׁב a. קָרוֹן.]
- 3. (cmp. כְּרַן) fulness, essence. Nidd. II, 6, v. כַּרְכּוֹם I.—Esp. principal, capital. B. Kam. IX, 7 משלם ק׳ וחומש וכ׳ must pay the principal (the full value of the stolen goods) and the fine of one-fifth, and bring a guilt-offering; a. v. fr.—Trnsf. the capital of reward or punishment laid aside for the hereafter. Peah I, 1; Tosef. ib. I, 2, sq., v. פֶּרִי; a. fr.—[ק׳ אפל, v. אָפִל II.]
קְרַן II
- 1. horn; trnsf. strength; beam, ray. Targ. Josh. VI, 5. Targ. I Sam. XVI, 1. Targ. Ps. LXXXIX, 18. Targ. Job XLII, 14; a. fr.—B. Bath. 16ᵇ, v. קֶרֶשׁ II. Ber. 62ᵇ (prov.) ק׳ קריא ברומי וכ׳ when the horn calls in (the market of) Rome, son of a trader in figs, sell thy father’s figs (wait not for thy father’s return, if he is absent). Macc. 16ᵇ, a. e. ק׳ דאומנא the surgeon’s horn (in which he receives the blood); a. fr.—Pl. קרְנִין, קַרְנֵי. Targ. I Kings XXII, 11. Targ. Ps. LXIX, 32 (v. Ḥull. 60ᵃ, quoted in preced.); a. fr.—Sabb. 154ᵇ ק׳ דאומנא, v. supra. Ib. 129ᵇ מאה ק׳ בזוזא וכ׳ Ar. a. Ms. O. (ed. קרי, v. Tosaf. a. l.) a hundred horns (hundred blood-lettings) for a Zuz, a hundred heads (hair-cuttings) for a Zuz, a hundred lips (trimmings of mustaches) for nothing. B. Bath. 74ᵃ; a. fr.
- 2. projection; corner. Targ. Prov. XXI, 9; a. e.—Keth. 111ᵃ וקרו לה ק׳ וכ׳ (not ליה) and they shall call it (Babylonia) the corner of salvation. B. Kam. 27ᵇ, v. עַצְרָא. Men. 34ᵃ פיתחא דאַקַּ׳ a door at the corner (having only one post); a. e.—Pl. קַרְנִין, קַרְנָתָא, קַרְנָאתָא; constr. קַרְנַת. Targ. Ex. XXIX, 12. Ib. XXX, 10. Targ. Ps. LXIX, 13; a. e.—B. Bath. 95ᵇ דמיזדבין אק׳ which is sold at the street-corners. Pes. 12ᵇ שית יומא בי ק׳ קאי (not בק׳) at six hours (at noon) the sun stands between the corners (of the globe, equally distant from east and west &c.).
- 3. essence, v. כְּרֵן.
- 4. principal, stock. B. Mets. 79ᵃ; B. Kam. 3ᵃ, v. כְּלֵי I. Y. M. Kat. II, 81ᵇ top אגרא וק׳ קרן הוא וכ׳ the expected profit and the principal (cost price) are together considered as principal &c.; a. e.—[קרנא זול, v. קַרְנָזוֹל.]
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 4 distinct written forms H7160 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that stem’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| מַקְרִ֥ן | Verb, Hiphil, Participle Active, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 69:31 | 1 |
| קָרַ֔ן | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Exodus 34:35 | 1 |
| קָרַ֖ן | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Exodus 34:30 | 1 |
| קָרַ֛ן | Verb, Qal, Perfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular | Exodus 34:29 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H7160, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
Compare all same-root words → They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 3 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 4 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
