חֹ֫רֶף
harvest time
‘harvest time’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
See every Absolute-state word in the Hebrew Bible →
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Grammatical forms
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute 6 times (86%)
- Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct 1 time (14%)
Parsed forms decoded from the imported morphology (morphhb / Westminster Leningrad Codex — WLC text public domain, morphhb tagging CC BY 4.0), counted across 7 parsed occurrences — not distinct verses.
Every verse where H2779 appears — 7 distinct verses across 7 books. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
Genesis 1 verse
Job 1 verse
Psalms 1 verse
Proverbs 1 verse
Jeremiah 1 verse
Amos 1 verse
Zechariah 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, חרף (chôreph) means “harvest time.” First canonically at Genesis 8:22, it enters the text early. It appears 7 verses across 7 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its uncommon vocabulary. Catalogued under 2 senses, its meaning is not single-sense. It shares a root with חרף, חרפה and חריף. Dig into 7-verse concordance and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H2779 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 7
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 7 distinct verses.
- 7 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 7 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,835
- by frequency
- Top 5000 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,835 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 7 occurrences in the concordance →
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 7 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 3 verses · 43%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 3 verses · 43%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 1 verse · 14%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Winter 4×
- American Standard Version: Winter 3×
- Berean Standard Bible: Winter 4×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Winter 5×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H2779 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 2 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings. Not rendered by a distinct English word in 1 further occurrence.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H2779 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H2779 across 7 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 3 renderings that appear only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H2779 across 6 tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in BDB
The 2 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- harvest time, autumn
- (CLBL) winter
Word origin
חֹ֫רֶף n.m. harvest-time, autumn
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from חרף (châraph) (H2778) — to reproach.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
חֵרֶף
- (next w.) [shame,] ḥeref, a phonetic substitute for חֵרֶם. Ned. I, 2.—Pl. חֲרָפִים, v. חֲרָפַיָּיא.
חָרַף
- (b. h.)
- 1. to scrape, sharpen, grind.—Part. pass. חָרוּף, f. חֲרוּפָה, pl. חֲרוּפוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 21 פנים ח׳ sharp (severe) countenance (Var. הדופות).—Trnsf. to deflour, v. infra.
- 2. (cmp. חלף) to change, transform; to change possession. Part. pass. f. חֲרוּפָה designated for change of condition, v. חֲרוּפָה.
- 1. (of grist) (of grist) to be ground; trnsf. to be defloured, have intercourse. Y. Kidd. I, 59ᵃ top (expl. Lev. XIX, 20) נֶחֱרֶפֶת … בכתושה לפני איש ‘neḥĕrefeth by a man’ means crushed before a man (with ref. to Prov. XXVII, 22, v. הֲרִיפוֹת). e.g. Leviticus 19:20
- 2. to change condition. Kerith. 11ᵃ (ref. to נחרפת explained by בְּעוּלָה) מאי משמע … דשנויי הוא (Rashi: דשינויא) what proof is there that neḥĕrefeth has the meaning of change from natural condition? Answ. ref. to הָרִיפוֹת (II Sam. XVII, 19) and to Prov. l. c. e.g. 2 Samuel 17:19
- (cmp. גָּרַף, גָּדַף) [to scrape off,] to revile, blaspheme, shame. Lev. R. s. 7, end מְחָרֶפֶת ומגדפת she (Rome) blasphemes and reviles. Num. R. s. 10 מְחָרְפָם, v. גָּדַף. Snh. 94ᵃ, sq. שחי׳ ע"י וכ׳ who blasphemed (the Lord) through a messenger; a. fr.
- 1. to be reviled. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXIV, end שמִתְחָרֵף ומתנאץ which is reviled and blasphemed. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 1 עד שנִתְחָרַפְתִּי until I was reviled; a. e.
- 2. to become white, pale. Tanḥ. B’resh. 12 (play on קיץ וחרף) שתהיו מתקייצין ופניכם מִתְחָרְפִין (some ed. מתחפרין) that you will feel nauseous and your faces become pale.
חֲרַף
- ; Pa. חָרֵף
- 1. to sharpen, grind. Targ. I Sam. XIII, 20, sq. Targ. Job XVI, 9 (not חָרִיף; h. text ילטש).—Part. pass. מְחַרַף. Targ. Jer. IX, 7 ed. Lag. (oth. ed. מְחָרֵיף, corr. acc.). Targ. Is. V, 28.
- 2. to blaspheme, revile. Targ. Y. Lev. XXIV, 11.; a. fr.—[Ib. 15, sq. יֶחֱרַף Pe.!]
- to be quick, be early. Snh. 70ᵇ אַחֲרִיפוּ ועולו וכ׳ go in early (before sunset), and leave early, that people may take notice of you. Sabb. 115ᵃ דהוו קא מַחְרְפֵי that they did it earlier (than they were told to).
חֹרֶף
- , v. חוֹרֶף
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 7 distinct written forms H2779 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| הַ/חֹ֔רֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Jeremiah 36:22 | 1 |
| הַ/חֹ֖רֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Amos 3:15 | 1 |
| וָ/חֹ֛רֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Genesis 8:22 | 1 |
| וָ֝/חֹ֗רֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Psalms 74:17 | 1 |
| וּ/בָ/חֹ֖רֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Zechariah 14:8 | 1 |
| חָרְפִּ֑/י | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Job 29:4 | 1 |
| מֵ֭/חֹרֶף | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Proverbs 20:4 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H2779, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. 2 of the same-root words are proper names (people or places). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 6 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 7 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
