חָרֵף
Hareph
BDB lists 2 entries for ‘Hareph’ fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Proper
- A name of a specific person, place, or people (e.g. Abraham, Zion, Israel).
Every verse where H2780 appears — 1 distinct verse across 1 book. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Chronicles 1 verse
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
At its core, חרף (Chârêph) means “Hareph.” It is rare — just 1 verse in the entire Hebrew Bible. The word gravitates to 1 Chronicles (100%). Its lone occurrence is 1 Chronicles 2:51. Each statement above links to its evidence; the full detail follows below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H2780 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 1
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 1 distinct verse.
- 1 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 1 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #6,101
- by frequency
- Rank #6,101 (rank 6,101 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 1 occurrence in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- 1 Chronicles 1 verse 100%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 1 distinct verse.
- Writings (Ketuvim) 1 verse · 100%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
- King James Version: Hareph 1×
- American Standard Version: Hareph 1×
- Berean Standard Bible: Hareph 1×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text: Hareph 1×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H2780 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H2780 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H2780 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H2780 across 1 tagged occurrence — most commonly:
Senses in BDB
The 2 senses BDB distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency or importance). The full entry — with sub-senses — is in the Lexicon Entry tab.
- Hareph = "a plucking off"
- a son of Caleb and father of Bethgader
Word origin
(dub. whether from I. or II.) n.pr.m. a chief of the line of Judah 1 Ch 2:51.
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Derived from חרף (châraph) (H2778) — to reproach.
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
חֵרֶף
- (next w.) [shame,] ḥeref, a phonetic substitute for חֵרֶם. Ned. I, 2.—Pl. חֲרָפִים, v. חֲרָפַיָּיא.
חָרַף
- (b. h.)
- 1. to scrape, sharpen, grind.—Part. pass. חָרוּף, f. חֲרוּפָה, pl. חֲרוּפוֹת. Pesik. R. s. 21 פנים ח׳ sharp (severe) countenance (Var. הדופות).—Trnsf. to deflour, v. infra.
- 2. (cmp. חלף) to change, transform; to change possession. Part. pass. f. חֲרוּפָה designated for change of condition, v. חֲרוּפָה.
- 1. (of grist) (of grist) to be ground; trnsf. to be defloured, have intercourse. Y. Kidd. I, 59ᵃ top (expl. Lev. XIX, 20) נֶחֱרֶפֶת … בכתושה לפני איש ‘neḥĕrefeth by a man’ means crushed before a man (with ref. to Prov. XXVII, 22, v. הֲרִיפוֹת). e.g. Leviticus 19:20
- 2. to change condition. Kerith. 11ᵃ (ref. to נחרפת explained by בְּעוּלָה) מאי משמע … דשנויי הוא (Rashi: דשינויא) what proof is there that neḥĕrefeth has the meaning of change from natural condition? Answ. ref. to הָרִיפוֹת (II Sam. XVII, 19) and to Prov. l. c. e.g. 2 Samuel 17:19
- (cmp. גָּרַף, גָּדַף) [to scrape off,] to revile, blaspheme, shame. Lev. R. s. 7, end מְחָרֶפֶת ומגדפת she (Rome) blasphemes and reviles. Num. R. s. 10 מְחָרְפָם, v. גָּדַף. Snh. 94ᵃ, sq. שחי׳ ע"י וכ׳ who blasphemed (the Lord) through a messenger; a. fr.
- 1. to be reviled. Midr. Till. to Ps. LXXIV, end שמִתְחָרֵף ומתנאץ which is reviled and blasphemed. Midr. Till. to Ps. XVIII, 1 עד שנִתְחָרַפְתִּי until I was reviled; a. e.
- 2. to become white, pale. Tanḥ. B’resh. 12 (play on קיץ וחרף) שתהיו מתקייצין ופניכם מִתְחָרְפִין (some ed. מתחפרין) that you will feel nauseous and your faces become pale.
חֲרַף
- ; Pa. חָרֵף
- 1. to sharpen, grind. Targ. I Sam. XIII, 20, sq. Targ. Job XVI, 9 (not חָרִיף; h. text ילטש).—Part. pass. מְחַרַף. Targ. Jer. IX, 7 ed. Lag. (oth. ed. מְחָרֵיף, corr. acc.). Targ. Is. V, 28.
- 2. to blaspheme, revile. Targ. Y. Lev. XXIV, 11.; a. fr.—[Ib. 15, sq. יֶחֱרַף Pe.!]
- to be quick, be early. Snh. 70ᵇ אַחֲרִיפוּ ועולו וכ׳ go in early (before sunset), and leave early, that people may take notice of you. Sabb. 115ᵃ דהוו קא מַחְרְפֵי that they did it earlier (than they were told to).
חֹרֶף
- , v. חוֹרֶף
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H2780, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derives from
Shares the same root
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 5 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Bible dictionary
Public-domain dictionary articles matched to this entry by name (Hareph). A biblical name can be shared by more than one person or place, so an article may treat several.
Smith's Bible Dictionary · William Smith, 1863
(a plucking off), a name occurring in the genealogies of Judah as a son of Caleb and as "father of Bethgader." (1 Chronicles 2:51) only.
Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary · Roswell D. Hitchcock, 1869
winter; reproach
Classic public-domain reference works; full attribution on Sources.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 1 verse that also exists in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 1 Hebrew verse it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
