Ruth 4:21

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Ruth 4:21 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
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Ruth 4:21 (World English Bible). Public Domain. Lemma interlinear Bible study tool, https://lemma.gebible.app/v/ruth/4/21.

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English Translation
and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,
World English Bible · Public Domain
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Compare translations 3

The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.

Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.

Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Salmon fathered Boaz; and Boaz fathered Obed;

unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).

Versions to compare (up to 4)

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Show all 18 translations

Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.

  • World English Bible Public Domain
    and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,
  • Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
    Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed,
  • Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
    Salmon was the father of Boaz, Boaz was the father of Obed,
  • King James Version Public Domain
    And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
    and Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
    and Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed;
  • Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
    And Salmon begate Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
    Salmon begot Booz, Booz begot Obed,
  • Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
    and Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed,
  • Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
    Salmon became the father of Boaz, Boaz became the father of Obed,
  • unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
    and Salmon fathered Boaz; and Boaz fathered Obed;
  • Darby Bible Public Domain
    and Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed,
  • World Messianic Bible Public Domain
    and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,
  • Webster's Bible Public Domain
    And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,
  • Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
    Salmon was the father of Boaz. Boaz was the father of Obed.
  • Bible in Basic English Public Domain
    And Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed;
  • JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
    and Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed;

Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).

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About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8
words
5
distinct lemmas
Historical
section

Notable vocabulary

1 hapax legomenon — a word that appears only here in the entire Hebrew Bible:

  • וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ Salmon H8012

First appearance in Scripture

This word makes its first canonical appearance in the Hebrew Bible here:

  • וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ Salmon H8012

Shared distinctive vocabulary

עוֹבֵֽד Obed H5744 occurs in 9 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

  • 2 verbs
  • 4 nouns
  • 2 particles

Verb forms

  • הוֹלִ֣יד Hiphil · Perfect
  • הוֹלִ֥יד Hiphil · Perfect

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

  • הוֹלִ֣יד to bear H3205 ×2
  • בֹּ֔עַז Boaz H1162 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 14 words from the Hebrew and 8 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 10 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

3

Topical passages linked to Ruth 4:21 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

  • Matthew 1:5 Salmon became the father of Boaz by Rahab. Boaz became the father of Obed by Ruth. Obed became the father of Jesse.
  • Luke 3:32 the son of Jesse, the son of Obed, the son of Boaz, the son of Salmon, the son of Nahshon,
  • 1 Chronicles 2:11–12 and Nahshon became the father of Salma, and Salma became the father of Boaz,

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 8 words vs World English Bible 14. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Ruth 4:21 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְשַׂלְמוֹן֙ הוֹלִ֣יד אֶת בֹּ֔עַז וּבֹ֖עַז הוֹלִ֥יד אֶת עוֹבֵֽד

and Salmon became the father of Boaz, and Boaz became the father of Obed,

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Ruth 4:21 Septuagint · lemma form

καί σαλμαν γεννάω ὁ βοος καί βοος γεννάω ὁ ωβηδ

And Salmon begot Booz; and Booz begot Obed.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Commentary

Notes on Ruth 4:21 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Rth 4:21 And Salmon begat Boaz, and Boaz begat Obed,

Ver. 21. And Salmon begat Boaz.] Whom the Chaldee calleth that just man, by whose prayers the land was freed of the famine.

And Boaz begat Obed,] i.e., Obedient. The Prince of Wales’a word is Ich Dien, I serve.

Laus Deo

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Adam Clarke's Commentary

Verse 21. And Salmon begat Boaz] The Targum goes on, "And Salmon begat Absan the judge; he is Boaz the Just, on account of whose righteousness the people of the house of Israel were redeemed from the hands of their enemies; and at whose supplication the famine departed from the land of Israel."

And Boaz begat Obed] "Who served the Lord in this world with a perfect heart."

Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Gill's Exposition

And Obed begat Jesse,.... The Bethlehemite, the father of David:

and Jesse begat David; the Targum adds, the king of Israel; and so the Syriac and Arabic versions add, the king; from whence it is by some concluded that this book was written by Samuel, not only after the birth of David, but after he had been anointed king by him: here being but four generations mentioned, from the coming of the Israelites into Canaan, to the birth of David, which was three hundred and sixty years, each of the four persons, Salmon, Boaz, Obed, and Jesse, must beget a son when one hundred years old and upwards; and which is not at all incredible, as appears by instances in later times, and therefore not at all improbable, that in those ancient times men of sobriety and good constitutions should have children at such an age.

Next: 1 Kings (1 Samuel) Introduction

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Salmon begat Boaz - Matthew has preserved the additional interesting information that the mother of Boaz was Rahab Josh. 2; 6. It is possible that the circumstance that the mother of Boaz was a Canaanite may have made him less indisposed to marry Ruth the Moabitess. As regards the whole genealogy in Rth 4:18-22, it should be remarked that it occurs four times in Scripture, namely, here, 1Ch 2:10-12; Mat 1:3-6; and Luk 3:32-33, and is of course of singular importance as being the genealogy of our Lord. One or two difficulties in it still remain unsolved.

Albert Barnes' Notes on the Bible (1834–1885) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

Daniel D. Whedon

21. Salmon begat Boaz — Matthew reads, Salmon begat Boaz of Rachab. It is not absolutely certain that this Rachab is the same as the Rahab who entertained the spies at Jericho, (Jos_2:1; Heb_11:31; Jas_2:25,) but such is the ancient tradition and common belief; and, if true, it is very clear that one or more names have been omitted between Salmon and Boaz, who must have lived some two hundred or more years apart. That such omissions were sometimes intentionally made, a comparison of Ezra’s genealogy, as given in Ezr_7:1-5, with the fuller table of 1Ch_6:3-15, will abundantly show. The same may be seen in Matthew’s genealogy of Christ, (see notes on Mat_1:17,) where, with a manifest effort to make the register bear the appearance of a symmetrical whole, and with noticeable respect for the sacred symbolism of numbers, he groups all the named from Abraham to Christ under three heads of fourteen generations each, though, as his own list shows, he has omitted several named, which may be supplied from the Old Testament tables.

Daniel D. Whedon (gen. ed.), Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1874–1909) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Ruth, in the Historical, opens this verse with 8 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Salmôwn (“Salmon”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

  1. What does “Salmon” (Salmôwn) contribute to the verse as a whole?
  2. This verse holds 1 word here found nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible. What might the rare word draw attention to?
  3. The word “Salmon” first appears here in Scripture. What is being introduced at this debut?
  4. Ruth 4:17 shares the word «Obed» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
  5. “to bear” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
  6. Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs shorter here. What questions does that raise?
  7. These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
  8. The verb «הוֹלִ֣יד» is Hiphil Perfect. How does its form color the action?

Things to notice

  • 1 word in this verse appears nowhere else in the Hebrew Bible.
  • 1 word makes its first canonical appearance in Scripture here.
  • This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 10 Greek words.
  • These translations choose different wording for 4 words in this verse.
  • “to bear” occurs 2× in this single verse.

Reading settings

Reading text

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Old Testament
Old Testament edition

Read the OT as the Masoretic Hebrew (MT) or the Greek Septuagint (LXX).

English shown for the Greek Septuagint (in the Hebrew ↔ Greek comparison).

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