Leviticus 24:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

If anyone injures his neighbor; as he has done, so shall it be done to him:

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

Septuagint runs longer here — compare

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Word by word

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בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ

ʻâmîyth

H5997

“in/at · neighbor · his”

Preposition + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct + Suffix, Personal, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular

Appears 12× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Leviticus 6:2

Full BDB Definition

Origin: from a primitive root meaning to associate

TWOT: 1638a

relation, neighbour, associate, fellow

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10: words
8: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ neighbor H5997 — appearing just 12 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ neighbor H5997 occurs in 10 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

3 verbs
3 nouns
1 preposition
1 conjunction
2 particles

Verb forms

יִתֵּ֥ן Qal · Imperfect
עָשָׂ֔ה Qal · Perfect
יֵעָ֥שֶׂה Niphal · Imperfect

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

עָשָׂ֔ה to do H6213 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 16 words from the Hebrew and 24 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 10 Hebrew tokens and 13 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Leviticus 24:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Deuteronomy 19:21 Your eyes shall not pity; life [shall go] for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot.
Matthew 5:38 "You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.'
Matthew 7:2 For with whatever judgment you judge, you will be judged; and with whatever measure you measure, it will be measured to you.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 24 words vs World English Bible 16. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Leviticus 24:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְאִ֕ישׁ כִּֽי יִתֵּ֥ן מ֖וּם בַּעֲמִית֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֔ה כֵּ֖ן יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ

If anyone injures his neighbor; as he has done, so shall it be done to him:

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Leviticus 24:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ἐάν τις δίδωμι μῶμος ὁ πλησίον ὡς ποιέω αὐτός ὡσαύτως ἀντιποιέω αὐτός

And whoever shall inflict a blemish on his neighbor, as he has done to him, so shall it be done to himself in return;

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וּגְבַר אֲרֵי יִתֵּן מוּמָא בְּחַבְרֵהּ כְּמָא דִי עֲבַד כֵּן יִתְעֲבֵד לֵיהּ

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וּגְבַר אֲרוּם יִתֵּן מוּמָא בְּחַבְרֵיהּ הֵיכְמָא דְעָבַד הֵיכְדֵין יִתְעֲבֵיד לֵיהּ

And a man who inflicteth a blemish on his neighbour, whatsoever he hath done it shall be done unto him:

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Leviticus 24:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Trapp's Complete Commentary

John Trapp

Lev 24:19 And if a man cause a blemish in his neighbour; as he hath done, so shall it be done to him;

Ver. 19. As he hath done.] God loves to retaliate; it is his usual manner of proceeding in punishing.

John Trapp, A Commentary or Exposition upon All the Books of the Old and New Testament (1647–1656) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(19, 20) And if a man cause a blemish.—See Exo_21:24-25.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. Cp. Exo_21:23-25. The lex talionis or law of retaliation bulks largely in the Code of Hammurabi (op. cit.), e.g. in the case of human life, §§ 116, 210, 219, 229; of tooth for tooth, § 200; of eye for eye, § 196; and so of ox for ox, §§ 245, 263; of sheep for sheep, § 263; and of goods for goods, § 232. Cp. the Koran, Sura, 2. 173 ff.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

Breach for breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth,.... Which is not to be taken strictly or literally, but for the price or value of those, which is to be given in a pecuniary way; See Gill on Exo 21:24, Exo 21:25,

as he hath caused a blemish in a man, shall it be done to him; unless he gives satisfaction, and pays a valuable consideration for it.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Haydock's Catholic Bible Commentary

Blemish. Hebrew mum, denotes any thing by which the body is disfigured or hurt. (Menochius)

George Leo Haydock (1774–1849), Haydock's Catholic Family Bible and Commentary, 1859 edition — public domain. Excludes Psalms (Douay-Rheims chapter numbering differs from Protestant) and Deuterocanonical books (Catholic canon only).

Keil & Delitzsch

C. F. Keil & F. Delitzsch

"Cause a blemish," i.e., inflict a bodily injury. This is still further defined in the cases mentioned (breach, eye, tooth), in which punishment was to be inflicted according to the jus talionis (see at Exo 21:23.).

Keil & Delitzsch — Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–1891) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API. (Old Testament only.)

unfoldingWord translationNotes

Door43 World Missions Community

Connecting Statement:

God continues telling Moses what the people must do when someone does something bad.

it must be done to him

This can be stated in active form. AT: "you must do to him" (See: Active or Passive)

fracture for fracture, eye for eye, tooth for tooth

These phrases emphasize that a person should receive the same harm he did to someone else.

fracture for fracture

This refers to broken bones. AT: "broken bone for broken bone" or "If he breaks someone's bone, one of his bones must be broken" or "If he breaks someone's bone, they will break one of his bones" (See: Idiom)

eye for eye

This refers to eyes being seriously injured or gouged out. AT: "If he destroys someone's eye, one of his bones must be destroyed" or "If he destroys someone's eye, they will destroy his eye" (See: Idiom)

tooth for tooth

This refers to teeth being knocked out of the mouth. AT: "If he knocks out someone's tooth, one of his teeth must be knocked out" or "If he knocks out someone's tooth, they will knock out one of his teeth" (See: Idiom)

anyone who kills a person must be put to death

This can be stated in active form. AT: "they must put to death anyone who kills a person" (See: Active or Passive)

translationWords

neighbor

unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.

Ibn Ezra

Rabbi Abraham ibn Ezra

So shall be done to him. As Shimshon said (Shoftim 15:11): “As they did to me, so have I done to them.” [But he did not do to them the same thing that was done to him].

Ibn Ezra on the Tanakh — English translations: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “Yalkut, Sifsei Chachomim Chumash, Metsudah Publications, 2009” (CC BY 4.0); and “Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah - trans. by M. Friedlander, 1873” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Leviticus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 10 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʻâmîyth (“neighbor”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʻâmîyth carries the sense “neighbor.” How does it shape the verse?
Leviticus 6:2 shares the word «neighbor» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“to do” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs longer here. What questions does that raise?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
The verb «יִתֵּ֥ן» is Qal Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how Trapp's Complete Commentary and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 10 Hebrew ↔ 13 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 14 words in this verse.
“to do” occurs 2× in this single verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 10 words in this verse.