Deuteronomy 22:27

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

for he found her in the field, the pledged to be married lady cried, and there was none to save her.

World English Bible · Public Domain

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Word by word

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הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה

ʼâras

H781

“the · betrothed”

Particle, Definite Article + Verb, Pual, Participle Passive, Feminine, Singular, Absolute

Appears 11× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Exodus 22:16

Full BDB Definition

Origin: a primitive root

TWOT: 170

to betroth, engage - (Piel) to betroth (man or woman) - (Pual) to be betrothed

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10: words
8: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה to betroth H781 — appearing just 11 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה to betroth H781 occurs in 10 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

4 verbs
3 nouns
1 preposition
1 conjunction
1 particle

Verb forms

מְצָאָ֑הּ Qal · Perfect
צָעֲקָ֗ה Qal · Perfect
הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה Pual · Participle Passive
מוֹשִׁ֖יעַ Hiphil · Participle Active

Repetition

A word recurs within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

הנער girl H5291 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 21 words from the Hebrew and 18 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — closely comparable.

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 10 Hebrew tokens and 17 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Deuteronomy 22:27 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

1 Corinthians 13:7 bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Deuteronomy 22:27 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

כִּ֥י בַשָּׂדֶ֖ה מְצָאָ֑הּ צָעֲקָ֗ה הנער הַֽנַּעֲרָה֙ הַמְאֹ֣רָשָׂ֔ה וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִׁ֖יעַ לָֽהּ

for he found her in the field, the pledged to be married lady cried, and there was none to save her.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Deuteronomy 22:27 Septuagint · lemma form

ὅτι ἐν ὁ ἀγρός εὑρίσκω αὐτός βοάω ὁ νεᾶνις ὁ μνηστεύω καί ὁ βοηθέω οὐ εἰμί αὐτός

because he found her in the field; the betrothed damsel cried, and there was none to help her.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

אֲרֵי בְחַקְלָא אַשְׁכְּחַהּ צְוָחַת עוּלֶמְתָּא דִמְאָרְסָא וְלֵית דְפָרִיק לַהּ

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

אֲרוּם בְּאַנְפֵּי בָּרָא אַשְׁכְּחָהּ פָּגְנַת עוּלֵּימְתָּא דְמִיקַדְשָׁא וְלָא אִזְדַמֵּן פַּרִיק לָהּ

he found her upon the face of the field; the betrothed damsel cried out for help, but there was no one to deliver her.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Deuteronomy 22:27 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

27. cried] Here at least the woman has the advantage of the doubt.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

John Gill's Exposition

If a man find a damsel that is a virgin, which is not betrothed,.... That is, meets with one in a field, which is not espoused to a man; and the man is supposed to be an unmarried man, as appears by what follows:

and lay hold on her, and lie with her, she yielding to it, and so is not expressive of a rape, as Deu 22:25 where a different word from this is there used; which signifies taking strong hold of her, and ravishing her by force; yet this, though owing to his first violent seizure of her, and so different from what was obtained by enticing words, professions of love, and promises of marriage, and the like, as in Exo 22:16 but not without her consent:

and they be found; in the field together, and in the fact; or however there are witnesses of it, or they themselves have confessed, it, and perhaps betrayed by her pregnancy.

John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations

The damsel cried; which is in that case to be presumed; charity obliging us to believe the best till the contrary be manifest.

Matthew Poole's English Annotations on the Holy Bible (1683–1685) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.

John Wesley's Explanatory Notes

The damsel cried - Which is in that case to be presumed; charity obliging us to believe the best, 'till the contrary be manifest.

John Wesley, Explanatory Notes Upon the Whole Bible (1754–1765) — public domain. Text via the GEBible commentary corpus.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Deuteronomy, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 10 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼâras (“to betroth”). A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʼâras carries the sense “to betroth.” How does it shape the verse?
Exodus 22:16 shares the word «to betroth» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
“girl” occurs 2× in this one verse. What is the effect of the repetition?
These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
The verb «מְצָאָ֑הּ» is Qal Perfect. How does its form color the action?
Reading how The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges and John Gill's Exposition read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?

Things to notice

This verse counts 10 Hebrew ↔ 17 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 10 words in this verse.
“girl” occurs 2× in this single verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 10 words in this verse.