פרס

פָּרַס I

• (b. h.)
• 1. to split, break, esp. (v. בָּצַע) to break bread and say grace. R. Hash. 29ᵇ לא יִפְרוֹס אדם פרוסה וכ׳ a person should not break bread and say grace for his guests, unless he dines with them אבל פּוֹרֵס הוא לבניו וכ׳ but he may do so for his children and his household in order to train them in religious practice. Pes. 37ᵃ; Men. 78ᵇ (expl. מצה הינא) כל שפּוֹרְסָהּ ואין וכ׳ when he breaks it apart, and no cords (of unbaked dough) can be drawn out of it; a. e.—Part. pass. פָּרוּס; f. פְּרוּסָה; pl. פְּרוּסִים, פְּרוּסִין; פְּרוּסוֹת. Lev. R. s. 34 (ref. to פָּרֹס, Is. LVIII, 7) הלא תִפְרוֹשׂ … פָרוּס כבר היא פ׳ וכ׳ it does not read, ‘behold, thou shalt break’, but, ‘behold broken’; it (thy bread) is broken for thee, for from the beginning of the year it is decreed &c. Y. Dem. I, 21ᵈ bot. בפ׳ when it is a broken piece of an eatable, opp. שלם. Y. Ber. VI, 10ᵇ bot. פ׳ של חטים (sub. פת) a broken loaf of wheat bread; a. fr.—V. פְּרוּס, פְּרוּסָה. e.g. Isaiah 58:7
• 2. (cmp. פָּרַץ) to break through; part. pass. as ab. open, plain. Tosef. Kel. B. Mets. V, 4, v. סַוָּאר.
• 3. to spread. Meg. III, 3 (28ᵃ) ואין פּוֹרְשִׂין לתוכו מצודות nor dare you spread traps leading into it (the synagogue in ruins). Yoma III, 4 פָּרְסוּ סדין וכ׳ (Y. ed. פָּרְשׂוּ), v. סָדִין. Num. R. s. 11 הכהנים פּוֹרְשִׂים את כפיהם the priests spread their hands (when blessing). Ex. R. s. 42 אחז … ופ׳ הקב"ה וכ׳ he (Moses) took hold of the divine throne, and the Lord spread his cloak over him. Ib. (ref. to פּ֗ר̇ש̇ז̇, Job XXVI, 9) פ̇' ר̇חום ש̇די ז̇יו וכ׳ the Merciful Almighty spread the splendor of his cloud over him; ib. s. 41 פ׳ והגין עליו הקב"ה the Lord spread (his cloak) over him and protected him; a. fr.—Deut. R. s. 5 היה פוֹרֵשׂ דיאטגמא וכ׳ (not דאטגמא) he spread (published) a decree wherever he conquered &c.—Part. pass. as ab. Ab. III, 16, v. מְצוּדָה; a. e.—פ׳ על שמע (interch. with פ׳ את שמע) to spread a cloak over the head for the recitation of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa (Ḳaddish and Bar’khu), esp. to recite the prayers &c. for the benefit of those who have come too late for the regular service (cmp. Ber. 51ᵃ פריס סודרא, quot. in next w.). Meg. IV, 3 (23ᵇ) אין פורסין על שמע וכ׳ (Mish. ed. את; Mish. Pes. פורשין, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 90) the prayers for the Shmʿa are not read aloud … with less than two persons; [Rashi: to divide the Sh’ma (v. supra), i.e. to read parts of the prayers preceding the Shmʿa;] Y. ib. IV, 75ᵃ bot. פורסין את שמע. Ib. IV, 5 המפטיר … פורס וכ׳, v. פָּטַר. Ib. 6. Lev. R. s. 23 א"ל פְּרוֹס על שמע פ׳ they said to him, recite the prayers for the Shmʿa; he did; Cant. R. to II, 2 (mixed dict.) פְּרוֹס לן את שמע פרוס לון (read: פָּרֵיס); a. fr. e.g. Job 26:9
  • to be divided, broken. T’bul Yom III, 1, v. עָרָה II. B. Mets. VII, 7 נִתְפָּרְסוּ עיגוליו if his fig cakes were broken; a. e.
  • 1. to assign, give a share, a present. Gen. R. s. 74 end ולא היו מַפְרִיסִים וכ׳ Ar. (ed. מפרינים) they endowed only with their mouth, v. פָּרַן. Yalk. ib. 22 מַפְרִיס והולך, v. פְּרָת.
  • 2. (denom. of פַּרְסָה) to part the foot, to have a parted hoof. Sifra Sh’mini, ch. V, Par. 4 משוסע, חזיר מפריס the swine parts its foot and is cloven-footed. Ḥull. 59ᵃ אין לך דבר שמפריס פרסה וכ׳ there is no animal that parts its foot and yet is unclean, except swine; a. e.—Ib. 51ᵇ ה׳ ע"ג קרקע the animal, after its fall, in attempting to rise made an impression of its parted feet on the ground (an evidence of its spine’s being unaffected).—Trnsf. to show the cloven foot (like swine, as if saying, ‘I am clean’, v. Lev. R. s. 13, end), to pretend piety. Gen. R. s. 22 יצא כמפריס וכמרמה וכ׳ (some ed. מפרים, corr. acc.) he went forth like a hypocrite and as one deceiving his Creator; (Yalk. ib. 38; Lev. R. s. 10 כמַעֲרִים, v. עָרַם II).
  • 1. to spread. Bekh. 44ᵃ (ref. to Ex. XL, 19) רבינו פֵּירְשׂוֹ Moses our teacher spread it (hence he must have been ten cubits high); Sabb. 92ᵃ פרשו; Yalk. Ex. 372; a. e. e.g. Exodus 40:19
  • 2. to put a wrap on, only in פֵּירְסָה נדה she became menstruous. Keth. 2ᵃ. Gen. R. s. 48; a. fr.

פְּרַס I

• 1. to split, divide, break; esp. to break bread and say grace. Targ. II Kings IV, 39 (h. text פלח). Targ. I Sam. IX, 13 פריס על מזונא ed. Lag. (oth. ed. פ׳ מזונא; Ar. יַפְרִיס נכסתא Af.).—Yalk. Prov. 947 פָּרֵיס מנחם ויהיב לאבל the comforter breaks the bread and gives it to the mourner (ref. to Lam. I, 17). Snh. 49ᵃ bot. פריס להו he divided with them, v. מוֹנִינֵי. B. Mets. 40ᵃ פריס ר׳ י׳ שיתא וכ׳ R. J. sold at the rate of six kuzé for &c.; a. e.—Part. pass. פָּרִיס; f. פְּרִיסָא. Pes. 37ᵇ והכא כמאן דפ׳ דמיא and here it has the appearance of being broken; Men. 78ᵇ (not דמי). Bekh. 40ᵃ דשפיד ופריס (ed. ופרוס, Hebr. form) when the mouth is pointed and (the lip) parted (like that of swine); a. e. e.g. Lamentations 1:17
• 2. to divide, arrange; (= h. העריך, סדר) to arbitrate, value. Targ. O. Lev. XXVII, 8; a. fr.—Denom. פּוּרְסָא, פּוֹרָסָא, פּוּרְסָנָא.
• 3. to distribute, spread; to publish. Targ. Job XXXVI, 30. Targ. II Sam. XVII, 19 ופַרְסַת (not ופֵ׳). Targ. Prov. XXIX, 5; a. fr.—Part. pass. פָּרִיס; f. פְּרִיסָא; pl. פְּרִיסִין; פְּרִיסַן. Targ. Ex. XXV, 20 (Bxt. פָּרְסִין); a. fr.—Targ. II Esth. IV, 8 פָּרִיס published.—Ber. 55ᵇ בעידנא דפַרְסֵי וכ׳ when they (the priests) spread their hands (to bless). Y. Sabb. XX, beg. 17ᶜ הוון פָּרְסִין קילעיה וכ׳ they spread the curtains on the day before up to four cubits, and the next day they spread them entirely. Ber. 51ᵃ (expl. עיטוף) ר׳ אסי פָרֵיס סודרא וכ׳ R. A. used to spread a cloth over his head (before taking up the cup of benediction). Sabb. 48ᵃ. Y. ib. XVII, end, 15ᵈ, v. גְּדִישָׁא; a. fr.
  • 1. to spread. Targ. Lam. I, 17; a. e.
  • 2. (Pali) פַּרְסִי (v. P. Sm. 3276) to publish, divulge. Targ. Y. II, Gen. XXXVIII, 25 מפרסיא (Y. I מפרסמא).
  • 1. to distribute, arrange. Targ. I Sam. IX, 13 Ar. (v. supra).
  • 2. to spread forth. Targ. Is. XXV, 11.
  • 3. (v. preced.Hif.) to set the foot. Targ. II Esth. I, 2.
  • to be spread, published. Ib. III, 15; VIII, 13, sq. אתפרסת Ar. s. v. דיטגמא (ed. אתפרסמת).—Lam. R. to II, 2 ולא תִתְפַּרְסִין וכ׳ (fr. פַּרְסִי) rather than that the secrets of the government be divulged.

פָּרַס II

• (b. h.) pr. n. Persia. Esth. R. to I, 3 כשהמלכות במדי פ׳ טפילה לה כשהמלכות בפ׳ וכ׳ when the government is in Media, Persia is named as an attachment to it, and when the government is in Persia, Media is &c. Ib. למה קרין אותה פ׳ וכ׳ why is it called Paras?, v. פְּרוּסָה; a. fr.—[Deut. R. s. 10, a. e. פ׳, a censorial change, for רומי.].—Targ. II Chr. XXXVI, 20; 22; a. e.

פְּרָס

• (פָּרַס)
• 1. part, half, v. פְּרוּס.
• 2. a piece, esp. a certain quantity of bread. Neg. XIII, 9 כדי אכילת פ׳ פת חטין וכ׳ as much time as is required for eating a piece, that is, a piece of wheat bread &c. Ib. 10. Tosef. ib. VII, 10 וכמה הוא פ׳ חצי וכ׳ and how much is a p’ras? Half a loaf, of which three make a Kab; Tosef. Mikv. VII (VIII), 6; Erub. 83ᵃ; a. fr.—Pl. פְּרָסִים; Du. פְּרָסַיִים. Y. Sabb. I, 2ᵇ bot. אכילת פ׳ eating two p’rasim (with interruption); ib. כמה זתים בכמה פ׳ several olive sizes of eatables eaten within a time required for eating several pieces; Y. Hor. III, 47ᵇ bot.—Trnsf. the fare received by members of a household, or by slaves. Erub. 72ᵇ במקבלי פ׳ שנו the Mishnah speaking of brothers eating at their father’s table means those receiving, each his separate fare, at the hands of their father. Ib. 73ᵃ מי שיש לו … מקבלות פ׳ וכ׳ if a man has five wives (occupying separate dwellings in one court) receiving their fare at the hands of their husband, and five slaves receiving &c. Y. Taan. I, beg. 63ᶜ הוא תובע פְּרָסוֹ ממנו he (the slave) begs him for his fare; (ib. פרנסתו). Ib. סמוך לפרסו near the period when his fare is due. Ab. I, 3, v. עֶבֶד; a. fr.
• 3. P’ras, half a Maneh (מָנֶה). Eduy. III, 3 מנה ופ׳ each weighing one Maneh and a half. Peah VIII, 5; a. fr.—מנה בן פ׳, v. מָנֶה.
• 4. P’ras, half the length of a furrow (v. infra); בית (ה)פ׳ an area of a square P’ras, esp. a field, of a square P’ras, declared unclean on account of crushed bones carried over it from a ploughed grave. M. Kat. 5ᵇ החורש את הקבר הרי הוא עושה בית פ׳ וכמה הוא עושה חצי מענה וכ׳ Ms. M. a. Rashi (ed. מלא מענה, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) he who ploughs over a grave, makes a beth-p’ras (an unclean field), and how much of it does he make unclean? Half the length of a furrow of one hundred cubits; Ohol. XVII, 1 החורש … עושה בית פ׳ … מאה אמה בית ארבעה סאים he who ploughs &c.; how far does he make it unclean? (Half) the size of a furrow of a hundred cubits (in all directions), which is a square of the capacity of four S’ahs of seed; Nidd. 57ᵃ; Tosef. Ohol. XVII, 1. Ohol. XVII, 2 בית פ׳ עושה בית פ׳ an unclean field may create another unclean field (if the plough passes over and beyond it). Tosef. ib. XVII, 4 אבל עולה הוא כמדת הפ׳ (read: במדת; R. S. to Ohol. XVII, 3 כמדת בית הפ׳) but it is counted in so as to complete the measure of a beth-p’ras; a. fr.—Pl. בית פְּרָסוֹת. Ohol. XVIII, 2 (M. Kat. 5ᵇ בית פרס). [Maim. explains בית הפ׳, by ref. to פָּרַס to extend, the area of extension; Rashi, by ref. to פָּרַס to break, an area of bone splinters.]

פְּרַס II

• as preced. 2, the slave’s or serf’s fare. Targ. II Sam. VIII, 2; 6 עבדין נטלי פ׳ serfs working for their fare (h. text נושאי מנחה); Targ. I Chr. XVIII, 2 נטלי פ׳ מקרבי דורון; ib. 6 נטלי פ׳ מסקי מסין (combining two interpretations).

פָּרָס

• (פָּרַס)
• 1. curtain, canopy, baldachin. Num. R. s. 10 כמין פ׳ שטחה לו וכ׳ she (Pharaoh’s daughter) spread over him (Solomon) a sort of baldachin in which were fixed precious stones &c.—Pl. פָּרָסִין. Y’lamd. to Num. XV, 37 quot. in Ar., v. קִיטָּי.
• 2. net. Tosef. Bets. III, 1 (ה)מעלה את פְּרָסוֹ וכ׳ (Var. כל שפרסוהו) if one puts up his net on the eve of the Holy Day, and, coming in on the Holy Day, finds it disturbed.