כּוּר
furnace
‘furnace’ is one of 2 main senses fuller range ↓
Full lexicon entry — Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
From Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB)
Where this word appears
Grammar key — what these labels mean
Part of speech
- Noun
- A naming word — a person, place, thing, or idea.
Noun type
- Common
- A common noun — a general class of person, place, or thing (“king,” “city,” “water”), not a specific name.
State
- Absolute
- The independent form of a noun, not bound to a following word.
- Construct
- A noun bound to a following noun in a possessive / “of” relationship (the construct chain).
Gender
- Masculine
- Grammatically masculine.
Number
- Singular
- One.
Every verse where H3564 appears in the Book of 1 Kings — 1 distinct verse. Click any verse to open its interlinear word-by-word view. Verse text shown in the World English Bible for context — . Each verse’s Hebrew form is shown with its reference; the English is not keyword-highlighted, since the data carries no word-level English alignment. Use “Compare translations” on any verse to read it across multiple English versions. This concordance covers the Hebrew Bible; Septuagint (Greek Old Testament) occurrences are not indexed here.
1 Kings
About this entry
At a glance — auto-summarized from this page’s data, not written by a person. Every figure links to its source below. This summary describes the numbers; it doesn’t interpret them.
כור — transliterated kûwr — is a Hebrew word carrying the sense “furnace.” Debuting at Deuteronomy 4:20, it then recurs through the corpus. It appears 9 verses across 6 books of the Hebrew Bible, among its uncommon vocabulary. More than a third of its appearances fall in Ezekiel. It is not a single-sense word — see its full sense range. See the sense tree, 9-verse concordance, and the renderings breakdown below.
Gloss history
Strong's 1890 vs modern scholarship
About this word
Strong's H3564 catalogs a Hebrew word from the Hebrew Old Testament.
These counts are not copied from any lexicon or concordance. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged Hebrew Old Testament. What Lemma adds →
- 9
- distinct verses
- The word appears in 9 distinct verses.
- 6 / 39
- OT books
- The word appears in 6 of 39 Old Testament books.
- #2,481
- by frequency
- Top 2500 most frequent Hebrew words (rank 2,481 of 8,640 Hebrew words by occurrence).
View all 9 occurrences in the concordance →
Most concentrated in
- Ezekiel 3 verses 33%
- Proverbs 2 verses 22%
- Deuteronomy 1 verse 11%
By section of the Old Testament
By traditional corpus
Conventional, traditional groupings — biblical authorship is debated, so this is a traditional corpus grouping, not an authorship claim. Each share is this word’s portion of its verses in that division of the Hebrew canon. Each figure is a share of the word’s 9 distinct verses.
- Prophets (Nevi'im) 6 verses · 67%
- Writings (Ketuvim) 2 verses · 22%
- Torah (Pentateuch) 1 verse · 11%
How translations render this word
Counts come from each version’s own published word-to-Strong’s tagging or interlinear alignment — an approximate guide to how each version renders this word, not a word-level alignment the data otherwise carries. Because each total is that version’s own tagged count, the per-version totals vary from one another and need not match the appearance or distinct-verse counts above. These counts may also differ from a printed concordance because Lemma counts each distinctly tagged rendering and does not collapse phrase taggings into a single head-word total. This is a fixed set of word-tagged versions (KJV, ASV, BSB, ULT) and does not change with the reading translation you choose elsewhere. Each version’s license is shown beside its name below (and on Sources).
BDB lists this Strong’s number as 2 distinct words (homographs). Each count above pools all of them and is not split by sense — see the Senses section below. A low-frequency rendering may belong to a different one of those words, not the primary meaning.
- King James Version†: Furnace 8×
- American Standard Version†: Furnace 8×
- Berean Standard Bible†: Furnace 8×
- unfoldingWord Literal Text†: Furnace 5×, Furnace of 3×
King James Version Public Domain
Renders H3564 across 9† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
American Standard Version Public Domain
Renders H3564 across 9† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Renders H3564 across 9† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
Renders H3564 across 9† tagged occurrences — most commonly:
Plus 1 rendering that appears only once — usually multi-word phrases or single function words the recovered tagging swept in, not distinct renderings.
Senses in the full BDB
What do BDB’s symbols mean?
BDB uses these scholarly abbreviations:
| Symbol | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 𝔊 | the Septuagint (the ancient Greek translation, LXX) |
| 𝔙 | the Vulgate (the Latin translation) |
| 𝔖 | the Syriac version (the Peshitta) |
| 𝔗 | the Targum (the Aramaic translation) |
| ψ | the Psalms |
| √ | root (the underlying root or stem) |
| ‖ | parallel passage (a synonymous or contrasted parallel) |
| † | the dagger: every passage where the word occurs is cited |
The 1 sense the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon distinguishes for this word, in lexicon order (not ranked by frequency), with BDB’s own verbatim wording and sub-sense lettering. Shown in Hebrew script with BDB’s own scholarly abbreviations. The condensed entry is in the Lexicon Entry tab. See also the Forms in the corpus table below.
כור I [m.] smelting-pot or furnace (Arabic كُور
כור II meaning dub., perhaps bore, or dig, or hew (DlProl. 121 comp. Assyrian kâru, fell trees (DlHWB 324))
Qal
- Pf. 3 pl. כארו = כָּארוּ for כָּרוּ ψ 22:17 (MT כָּאֲרִי, v. אֲרִי) they have bored (digged, hewn) my hands and my feet (si vera l.; cf. Vrss De Pe Che Bae al.; some, however, deriving from כרה in this sense); hence perhaps following. e.g. Psalms 22:17
Senses from the full Brown-Driver-Briggs lexicon (Brown, Driver, Briggs; Oxford 1906 — public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). Full attribution on Sources.
Word origin
I. n.[m.] smelting-pot or furnace (Arabic كُور; NH id.; Aramaic id., ܟܽܘܪ; Ethiopic ከውር: )—pot or furnace for smelting metals, but alw. in metaph. or sim. of human sufferings in punishment or discipline: iron (fig. of Egypt as place of bondage) מִכּ׳ הַבַּרְזֶל Dt 4:20 Je 11:4, מִתּוֹךְ כ׳ הַבּ׳ 1 K 8:51; gold כ׳ לַזָּהָב Pr 17:3 = 27:21 (‖ מַצְרֵף); various metals Ez 22:18, 20, 22; once בְּכוּר עֹ֑נִי Is 48:10 in a smelting-pot of a affliction.
I. vb. meaning dub., perhaps bore, or dig, or hew (DlProl. 121 comp. Assyrian kâru, fell trees (DlHWB 324))—only
— Brown-Driver-Briggs (Oxford 1906, public domain), digitized via Sefaria, supplemented by the OpenScriptures HebrewLexicon (CC BY 4.0). See Sources.
Origin: from an unused root meaning properly, to dig through
Jastrow Dictionary
A second Hebrew/Aramaic lexicon for comparison, covering Aramaic and post-biblical (Talmudic, Targumic, Midrashic) usage that the biblical-Hebrew BDB does not. Matched by lemma rather than by Strong’s number, so a lemma may carry more than one Jastrow headword (shown separately below), and the entries cover usage well beyond the Bible.
כּוֹר
- , v. כָּרָה) [a heap,] Khor, a measure of capacity, בֵּית כ׳ (or כ׳, sub. בית) an area requiring a Khor of seed. B. Mets. 105ᵇ כ׳ זרע a field requiring a Khor of seed; כ׳ תבואה a field yielding a Khor of grain. Ib. ד׳ סאין לכ׳ four S’ah of seed for a Beth Khor of land, v. נְפִילָה. B. Bath. VII, 1; 2 בית כ׳. Ib. 104ᵃ נותן … לכל כ׳ וכ׳ we allow a surplus or deficit of seven Kab and a half for each Beth Khor; a. fr.—Du. כּוֹרַיִים, כּוֹרַיִם. Ib.ᵇ—Ohol. VIII, 3; Kel. XV, 1 ארבעים סאה בלח שהן כ׳ ביבש forty S’ah in liquid measure which is equal to two Khor in dry measure.
כּוֹר ²
- Targ. Lev. XXVII, 16 (h. text חֹמֶר); a. fr.—B. Mets. 105ᵃ, v. אַלְלָא.—Pl. כּוֹרִין, כּוֹרֵי. [Targ. Y. Ex. VIII, 10 כורין Ar. heaps; ed. כַּרְוַון, v. כַּרְיָא.]—Targ. I Kings V, 25; a. fr.—B. Mets. l. c.—Y. ib. IV, 10ᶜ bot. Sabb. 35ᵃ, v. חַלְתָּא; a. fr.—[Ḥull. 62ᵇ בי כודי Ar., Var. כירי, between heaps (ed. כַּרְבֵּי).]—V. כּוֹרִיתָא.
כּוּר I
- מִלְּתָא דְּכ׳ Fort of Khur, a northern Palestinean border-town. Tosef. Shebi. IV, 11 Var. (ed. Zuck. מומתא דבור); Y. ib. VI, 36ᶜ מילתא דביר; Sifré Deut. 51 (במותה דביריין) כמותה דכריין; Yalk. Deut. 874 במתא דביריין; Targ. Y. I Num. XXXIV, 9 כִּירַיָּיא דבית סכל (v. כּוּרַיי). V. Hildesh. Beitr. p. 20, sq.
כּוּר II
- smelting pot, smelting furnace. Tosef. Kel. B. Kam. VI, 16. Kel. VIII, 9 כ׳ … של עושה זכיכית (Var. בור) the glassmaker’s pot. Sabb. VIII, 4 כ׳ של צורפי זהב the gold refiners’ pot. Midr. Till. to Ps. CXIV כאדם … מתוך הכ׳ וכ׳ like a man that takes gold out of the smelting pot without tongs &c. Pirké d’R. El. ch. XLVIII כ׳ של אש a burning furnace; a. e.
A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi, and the Midrashic Literature (Marcus Jastrow; London, Luzac, 1903) — Public Domain. Digitized via Sefaria. Digitized via Sefaria. Full attribution on Sources.
Forms in the corpus
The 6 distinct written forms H3564 takes in the Hebrew Bible, most frequent first — each parse links to that state’s occurrences in the concordance. Hebrew forms include their vowel points and cantillation, so a single lemma takes many written forms.
| Form | Parsing | Example | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|
| כּ֔וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Ezekiel 22:18 | 3 |
| וְ/כ֣וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute | Proverbs 17:3 | 2 |
| בְּ/כ֥וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Isaiah 48:10 | 1 |
| כּ֥וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | 1 Kings 8:51 | 1 |
| מִ/כּ֥וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Deuteronomy 4:20 | 1 |
| מִ/כּ֨וּר | Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Construct | Jeremiah 11:4 | 1 |
Same root — word family
Other BDB entries built from the same root as H3564, grouped by Strong’s listed origin. These share a root / origin per the lexicon — not necessarily a shared meaning. Each links to that word’s own entry.
Derived from this word
- גר gir H1615 chalk
- כיור kîyôwr H3595 pot
- כיר kîyr H3600 stove
- כר kôr H3734 kor
- מכורה mᵉkûwrâh H4351 origin
- מכרה mᵉkêrâh H4380 weapons
Proper names from this root
People and places named from this root — a name, not an additional meaning of the word.
Compare all same-root words → Showing 4 of 8 — not the complete family. 1 of the same-root words is a proper name (a person or place). They share a root, not necessarily a meaning.
Septuagint verse parallels
This word appears in 9 verses that also exist in the Greek Old Testament (Septuagint), out of the 9 Hebrew verses it occurs in. You can read those verses in Greek by switching the Old Testament edition to the Septuagint.
Read these verses in the Septuagint
This is a verse-level parallel only — the same verses exist in both the Hebrew and Greek Old Testaments. No word-level Hebrew↔Greek correspondence is claimed: the data carries no such alignment, so no Greek word is shown as this Hebrew word’s translation. Coverage is not total — the Septuagint omits the deuterocanon and renumbers the Psalms, so some Hebrew verses have no direct Greek parallel.
