Genesis 15:21

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites."

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

Septuagint runs longer here — compare

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Word by word

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הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י

Girgâshîy

H1622

“the · Girgashite”

Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Gentilic, Masculine, Singular, Absolute

Appears 7× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Genesis 10:16

Full BDB Definition

Origin: patrial from an unused name [of uncertain derivation]

TWOT: None

Girgashite or Girgasite = "dwelling on a clayey soil" - descendants of Canaan and one of the nations living east of the sea of Galilee when the Israelites entered the promised land

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

8: words
5: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י Girgashite H1622 — appearing just 7 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י Girgashite H1622 occurs in 7 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

4 nouns
4 particles

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 9 words from the Hebrew and 15 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 8 Hebrew tokens and 15 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Genesis 15:21 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Genesis 10:15–19 Canaan became the father of Sidon (his firstborn), Heth,
Exodus 23:23–28 For my angel shall go before you, and bring you in to the Amorite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Canaanite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; and I will cut them off.
Exodus 33:2 I will send an angel before you; and I will drive out the Canaanite, the Amorite, and the Hittite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:
Exodus 34:11 Observe that which I command you this day. Behold, I drive out before you the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite.
Deuteronomy 7:1 When Yahweh your God shall bring you into the land where you go to possess it, and shall cast out many nations before you, the Hittite, and the Girgashite, and the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and the Perizzite, and the Hivite, and the Jebusite, seven nations greater and mightier than you;
Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, into the country of the Gergesenes, two people possessed by demons met him there, coming out of the tombs, exceedingly fierce, so that nobody could pass by that way.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 15 words vs World English Bible 9. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Genesis 15:21 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וְאֶת הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְאֶת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְאֶת הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י וְאֶת הַיְבוּסִֽי

the Amorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Jebusites."

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Genesis 15:21 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ ἀμορραῖος καί ὁ χαναναῖος καί ὁ ευαῖος καί ὁ γεργεσαῖος καί ὁ ιεβουσαῖος

and the Amorites, and the Chananites, and the Evites, and the Gergesites, and the Jebusites.

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וְיָת אֱמוֹרָאֵי וְיָת כְנַעֲנָאֵי וְיָת גִרְגָשָׁאֵי וְיָת יְבוּסָאֵי

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וְיַת אֱמוֹרָאֵי וְיַת כְּנַעֲנָאֵי וְיַת גִרְגָשָׁאֵי וְיַת יְבוּסָאֵי

Emoraee, and the Kinaanaee, and the Girgeshaee, and the Jebusaee.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Genesis 15:21 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

21. the Amorite, &c.] See Gen_10:15-16.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Radak

Rabbi David Kimhi (Radak)

ואת האמרי ואת הכנעני, the land of the Philistines is included under the heading of "the Canaanite," as we know from Joshua 13,3 לכנעני תחשב וגו'.

Radak on the Tanakh — English translations: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “Eliyahu Munk, HaChut Hameshulash” (CC BY 4.0); “Rabbi Mike Feuer, Jerusalem Anthology” (CC BY 4.0); and “R. David Kimhi on the first book of Psalms, Translated by R.G. Finch, London, 1919” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Genesis, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 8 words (5 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is Girgâshîy (“Girgashite”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

What does “Girgashite” (Girgâshîy) contribute to the verse as a whole?
How does Genesis 10:16, which shares the word «Girgashite», read alongside this verse?
The Septuagint runs longer here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
Compare how The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges and Radak read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 8 Hebrew ↔ 15 Greek words.
5 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 8 words in this verse.