וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת הָאֵפֹ֑ד זָהָ֗ב תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.
World English Bible · Public Domain
Exodus 39:2
Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex) Exodus 39:2 appears in the Hebrew Old Testament. The text above is from the Westminster Leningrad Codex. Each word links to its Strong’s number, a concise gloss, and parsing drawn from the Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible morphology. Click any word for its full Brown-Driver-Briggs (BDB) entry.
English Translation
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Compare translations 3
The same verse in 3 English versions, stacked beneath the original-language interlinear above. Click any original word for its lexicon entry.
Each is an independent rendering of the whole verse — the interlinear is not word-aligned to these translations.
Highlighted words mark where these versions differ — a whole-verse word diff, not a word-by-word alignment.
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World English Bible Public Domain
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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King James Version Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And he made the ephod from gold, blue, and purple, worm of scarlet, and twisted fine linen.
unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult).
Show all 18 translations
Every available English version of this verse, each an independent rendering of the whole verse.
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World English Bible Public Domain
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Berean Standard Bible Public Domain
Bezalel made the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
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Majority Standard Bible Public Domain
Bezalel made the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn.
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King James Version Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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American Standard Version (1901) Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Revised Version (1885) Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Geneva Bible (1599) Public Domain
So he made the Ephod of gold, blewe silke, and purple, and skarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Douay-Rheims (1899) Public Domain
So he made an ephod of gold, violet, and purple, and scarlet twice dyed, and fine twisted linen.
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Young's Literal Translation Public Domain
And he maketh the ephod, of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen,
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Literal Standard Version CC BY-SA 4.0
And he makes the ephod, of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined linen,
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Unlocked Literal Bible CC BY-SA 4.0
Bezalel made the ephod of gold, of blue, purple, and scarlet wool, and of fine twined linen.
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unfoldingWord Literal Text CC BY-SA 4.0
And he made the ephod from gold, blue, and purple, worm of scarlet, and twisted fine linen.
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Darby Bible Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and twined byssus.
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World Messianic Bible Public Domain
He made the ephod of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Webster's Bible Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
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Free Bible Version CC BY-SA 4.0
They made the ephod of finely-woven linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and crimson thread.
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Bible in Basic English Public Domain
The ephod he made of gold and blue and purple and red and the best linen;
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JPS Tanakh (1917) Public Domain
And he made the ephod of gold, blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
Literal Standard Version (2020), Covenant Press — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). Unlocked Literal Bible (unfoldingWord) — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org). unfoldingWord Literal Text — © unfoldingWord, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Word-aligned USFM3 via Door43 (git.door43.org/unfoldingWord/en_ult). Free Bible Version, Dr. Jonathan Gallagher — licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Text via the HelloAO Bible API (eBible.org).
Word by word
More ways to search: Search by grammar → Find every occurrence → Compare this word →
Practice this passage: Drill this verse → Learn its vocabulary →
מָשְׁזָֽר
shâzar
H7806
“twisted”
Verb, Hophal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- Appears 21× in the Hebrew Bible
- First appears at Exodus 26:1
- Part of Speech
- Verb
- Stem
- Hophal
- Form
- Participle Passive
- Gender
- Masculine
- Number
- Singular
- State
- Absolute
Full BDB Definition
to twist, be twisted
- (Hophal)
- to be twisted
- twisted (participle)
- וַיַּ֖עַשׂ ʻâsâh H6213 “and · to do” Conjunction + Verb, Qal, Sequential Imperfect, 3rd Person, Masculine, Singular
- אֶת ʼêth H853 “-” Particle, Direct Object
- הָאֵפֹ֑ד ʼêphôwd H646 “the · ephod” Particle, Definite Article + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- זָהָ֗ב zâhâb H2091 “gold” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- תְּכֵ֧לֶת tᵉkêleth H8504 “violet” Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן ʼargâmân H713 “and · purple” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- וְתוֹלַ֥עַת tôwlâʻ H8438 “and · worm of” Conjunction + Noun, Common, Feminine, Singular, Construct
- שָׁנִ֖י shânîy H8144 “scarlet” Noun, Common, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
- וְשֵׁ֥שׁ shêsh H8336 “and · fine linen” Conjunction + Adjective, Cardinal number, Feminine, Singular, Absolute
- מָשְׁזָֽר shâzar H7806 “twisted” Verb, Hophal, Participle Passive, Masculine, Singular, Absolute
About this verse
These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →
- 10
- words
- 10
- distinct lemmas
- Pentateuch
- section
Notable vocabulary
The rarest word here is מָשְׁזָֽר to twist H7806 — appearing just 21 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.
Shared distinctive vocabulary
מָשְׁזָֽר to twist H7806 occurs in 21 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:
Grammatical profile
- 2 verbs
- 6 nouns
- 1 adjective
- 1 particle
Verb forms
- וַיַּ֖עַשׂ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
- מָשְׁזָֽר Hophal · Participle Passive
Hebrew & Septuagint length
In English translation the verse runs 13 words from the Hebrew and 37 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably longer here. See the side-by-side →
A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.
Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.
In the original languages it is 10 Hebrew tokens and 17 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.
Cross-references
3Topical passages linked to Exodus 39:2 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.
- Exodus 28:6–12 "They shall make the ephod of gold, of blue, and purple, scarlet, and fine twined linen, the work of the skillful workman.
- Leviticus 8:7 He put the coat on him, tied the sash on him, clothed him with the robe, put the ephod on him, and he tied the skillfully woven band of the ephod on him, and fastened it to him with it.
- Exodus 25:7 onyx stones, and stones to be set for the ephod and for the breastplate.
Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).
Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint
The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.
Here the Septuagint runs noticeably longer than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 37 words vs World English Bible 13. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.
These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.
καί ἀργύριον ἀφαίρεμα παρά ὁ ἐπισκέπτω ἀνήρ ὁ συναγωγή ἑκατόν τάλαντον καί χίλιοι ἑπτακόσιοι ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε σίκλος
And the offering of silver from the men that were numbered of the congregation one hundred talents, and a thousand seven hundred and seventy-five shekels, one drachm apiece, even the half shekel, according to the holy shekel.
LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain
Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →
Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)
The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.
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Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
וַעֲבַד יַת אֵפוֹדָא דַהֲבָא תִּכְלָא וְאַרְגְוָנָא וּצְבַע זְהוֹרִי וּבוּץ שְׁזִיר:
(no public-domain English translation for this verse)
Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
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Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)
וְעָבַד יַת אֵיפוֹדָא דְדַהֲבָא תִּכְלָא וְאַרְגְּוָונָא וּצְבַע זְהוֹרֵי וּבוּץ שְׁזִיר
And he made the ephoda of gold, hyacinth, and purple, and fine linen twined.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Lesson kit
Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.
Exodus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 10 words (10 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is shâzar (“to twist”). The Greek Septuagint runs longer here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.
Discussion questions
- What does “to twist” (shâzar) contribute to the verse as a whole?
- Exodus 26:1 shares the word «to twist» with this verse. How do the two illuminate each other?
- Compared with the Hebrew, the Septuagint runs longer here. What questions does that raise?
- These translations render this verse differently. What is at stake in choosing one wording over another?
- The verb «וַיַּ֖עַשׂ» is Qal Sequential Imperfect. How does its form color the action?
- Reading how Adam Clarke's Commentary and John Gill's Exposition read this verse, where do the two commentators agree and where do they part?
Things to notice
- This verse counts 10 Hebrew ↔ 17 Greek words.
- These translations choose different wording for 3 words in this verse.
- 10 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 10 words in this verse.
Commentary
Notes on Exodus 39:2 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.
Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →
Adam Clarke's Commentary
Adam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible (1810–1826) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword/MySword module.
John Gill's Exposition
John Gill's Exposition of the Whole Bible (1746–1763) — public domain (CC PDM 1.0). Text via the HelloAO Bible API.
unfoldingWord translationNotes
Door43 World Missions Community
unfoldingWord translationNotes — © Distant Shores Media and the Door43 World Missions Community, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0. Source: git.door43.org/Door43/en_tn.