Exodus 36:19

Hebrew (Westminster Leningrad Codex)

English Translation

He made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Highlights

Septuagint runs shorter here — compare

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מְאָדָּמִ֑ים

ʼâdam

H119

“red”

Verb, Pual, Participle Passive, Masculine, Plural, Absolute

Appears 10× in the Hebrew Bible
First appears at Exodus 25:5

Full BDB Definition

Origin: of unknown derivation

TWOT: 26b

to be red, red - (Qal) ruddy (of Nazarites) - (Pual) - to be rubbed red - dyed red - reddened - (Hiphil) - to cause to show red - to glare - to emit (show) redness - (Hithpael) - to redden - to grow red - to look red

About this verse

These counts appear in no published source. They are computed here, from the morphology-tagged text and Lemma’s own curated glosses. What Lemma adds →

10: words
8: distinct lemmas
Pentateuch: section

Notable vocabulary

The rarest word here is מְאָדָּמִ֑ים to be red H119 — appearing just 10 times in the whole Hebrew Bible.

Shared distinctive vocabulary

מְאָדָּמִ֑ים to be red H119 occurs in 10 verses of the Hebrew Bible. Also found in:

Grammatical profile

2 verbs
7 nouns
1 adverb

Verb forms

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ Qal · Sequential Imperfect
מְאָדָּמִ֑ים Pual · Participle Passive

Repetition

Words recur within this verse — often emphatic in Hebrew:

מִכְסֶה֙ covering H4372 ×2
עֹרֹ֥ת skin H5785 ×2

Hebrew & Septuagint length

In English translation the verse runs 20 words from the Hebrew and 10 from the Septuagint (LXX English) — the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter here. See the side-by-side →

A rough comparison of the two English renderings, which tokenize alike — not a word-level alignment.

Word counts can differ between the Hebrew and the Greek without any difference in meaning — e.g. the Hebrew direct-object marker אֵת has no separate Greek word, and Greek often adds the article ὁ.

In the original languages it is 10 Hebrew tokens and 10 Greek tokens — but the two are counted differently (Hebrew bundles its prefixes and suffixes into one token; the Greek is in lemma form), so that isn’t a like-for-like length.

Cross-references

Topical passages linked to Exodus 36:19 in the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — connected by theme and wording, ordered by reader-vote popularity; previews shown in the World English Bible.

Exodus 26:14 You shall make a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.

Cross-references courtesy of OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0).

Hebrew and Greek witnesses Masoretic Hebrew ↔ Greek Septuagint

The same verse in the two great witnesses to the Old Testament, shown verse-for-verse.

Here the Septuagint runs noticeably shorter than the Hebrew — LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) 10 words vs World English Bible 20. A rough length comparison of the two English translations, not a word-level alignment — read both below.

These are two independent witnesses, not word-aligned to each other, and the Septuagint is shown in lemma (dictionary) form.

Hebrew Exodus 36:19 Masoretic · Westminster Leningrad Codex

וַיַּ֤עַשׂ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵלִ֖ים מְאָדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה

He made a covering for the tent of rams' skins dyed red, and a covering of sea cow hides above.

World English Bible · Public Domain

Greek LXX Exodus 36:19 Septuagint · lemma form

καί ὁ στίχος ὁ τρίτος λιγύριον καί ἀχάτης καί ἀμέθυστος

and the third row, a ligure and agate and amethyst;

LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) · Public Domain

Hebrew: Westminster Leningrad Codex (CC BY 4.0). Greek: Septuagint (public domain); English from LXX2012 (modern English Septuagint) (Public Domain). How the Septuagint differs from the Hebrew →

Targum (Aramaic paraphrase)

The Targum is the ancient Jewish Aramaic paraphrase of the Hebrew Scriptures — an interpretive translation, not the Hebrew text itself. Onkelos (literal) and Pseudo-Jonathan (expansive) render the Torah, and Jonathan the Prophets. Coverage is partial: where no permissively-licensed English translation exists for a verse, only the Aramaic is shown. This is verse-level text, not a word-by-word alignment to the Hebrew.

Targum Onkelos Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וַעֲבַד חוֹפָאָה לְמַשְׁכְּנָא מַשְׁכֵי דְדִכְרֵי מְסַמְקֵי וְחוֹפָאָה מַשְׁכֵי דְסַסְגוֹנָא מִלְעֵלָא:

(no public-domain English translation for this verse)

Targum Onkelos — Aramaic: “Onkelos Genesis” (public domain); “Onkelos Exodus” (public domain); “Onkelos Leviticus” (public domain); “Onkelos Numbers” (public domain); “Onkelos Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “Sefaria Community Translation” (CC0 1.0 (public-domain dedication)); “J.W. Etheridge. The Targums of Onkelos and Jonathan Ben Uzziel on the Pentateuch. London: Longmans, Green, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Torah (Genesis–Deuteronomy)

וַעֲבַד חוֹפָאָה לְמַשְׁכְּנָא מַשְׁכֵי דְדִכְרֵי מְסַמְקֵי וּמַשְׁכֵי דְסַסְגוֹנָא לְטַלְלָא מִלְעֵילָא

And he made a covering for the tabernacle of rams' skins reddened, and of purple skins to protect it above.

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan — Aramaic: “Targum Jonathan on Genesis” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Exodus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Leviticus” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Numbers” (public domain); “Targum Jonathan on Deuteronomy” (public domain). English: “The Targum of Jonathan ben Uzziel, trans. J. W. Etheridge, London, 1862” (public domain). Text via Sefaria.

Commentary

Notes on Exodus 36:19 from classic Christian and Jewish commentators (each source and its license shown beneath its notes). The classic Christian expositions comment on the surrounding passage and are grouped to its opening verse, so a note may address several verses; the Jewish commentaries on the Tanakh (Rashi and others) are per-verse, so they appear only where the commentator wrote on this verse.

Lemma curates 59 commentaries, every one of them public domain or Creative Commons licensed, each selected and text-cleaned for this edition rather than reprinted as found. About our sources →

Geneva Bible (1599)

Geneva Bible translators

These two were about the covering of goats’ hair.

Geneva Bible (1599) marginal notes — public domain. Text via Bolls.life.

Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(19) This verse corresponds exactly to Exo_26:14, and relates the construction of the two outer coverings.

A Bible Commentary for English Readers, edited by Charles John Ellicott (1878–1897) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne

19. sealskins] dugong skins (Exo_26:14); see on Exo_25:9.

20–34 (Exo_26:15-29). The beams or frames (see on Exo_26:15), forming the framework of the Dwelling. Exo_26:30 is not repeated.

The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (gen. ed. J. J. S. Perowne; Cambridge University Press, 1878–1918) — public domain. Text from a community e-Sword module.

Lesson kit

Teaching starters — assembled from the data on this page, not authored interpretation. Every prompt links to the verse data it draws on. Edit before teaching.

Exodus, in the Pentateuch, opens this verse with 10 words (8 distinct Hebrew lemmas). Its most distinctive word is ʼâdam (“to be red”). The Greek Septuagint runs shorter here. A historical commentator’s framing appears above. Read the whole chapter for the surrounding context.

Discussion questions

The word ʼâdam carries the sense “to be red.” How does it shape the verse?
How does Exodus 25:5, which shares the word «to be red», read alongside this verse?
What does the repetition of “covering” (2× in this one verse) do in this verse?
The Septuagint runs shorter here than the Hebrew. What might account for the difference?
These translations render this verse differently; the difference is in the English rendering, not the original. What questions does that raise?
«וַיַּ֤עַשׂ» is a Qal Sequential Imperfect verb. How does that grammatical form shape the action described?
Compare how Geneva Bible (1599) and Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers read this verse. Where do they agree or differ?

Things to notice

This verse counts 10 Hebrew ↔ 10 Greek words.
These translations choose different wording for 9 words in this verse.
“covering” occurs 2× in this single verse.
8 distinct Hebrew lemmas span 10 words in this verse.